Master10 Proprietary Question Bank - Automated scraping, spidering, or harvesting is strictly prohibited.
Science & Technology Cluster56 Verified Questions
Classical Physics: Newton Laws of Motion, Gravitation & Thermodynamics GK Questions & Answers
Classical mechanics and thermodynamics formulate the fundamental physical laws governing force, motion, gravity, and energy transformation. Sir Isaac Newton published the three laws of motion in Principia Mathematica (1687). The First Law (Law of Inertia) states that a body remains at rest or in uniform linear motion unless acted upon by an external net force. The Second Law defines force as the time rate of change of linear momentum (F = dp/dt = ma). The Third Law establishes that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation dictates that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of separation distance (F = Gm1m2/r^2). Acceleration due to gravity (g) equals 9.8 m/s^2 at Earth's surface, varying with altitude, depth, and latitude. Thermodynamics governs macroscopic heat and work relationships. The Zeroth Law defines thermal equilibrium and temperature. The First Law states energy conservation (dQ = dU + dW). The Second Law introduces entropy, establishing that spontaneous heat transfer flows unidirectionally from hotter to colder bodies without external work.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
Newton's First Law defines inertia, the Second Law quantifies force as mass times acceleration (F=ma), and the Third Law governs action-reaction pairs.
The Universal Gravitational Constant (G = 6.674 x 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2) is invariant, unlike local acceleration due to gravity (g).
Escape velocity from Earth's surface is approximately 11.2 km/s, mathematically derived as v_e = sqrt(2gR).
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establishes the concept of temperature and validates thermal equilibrium across distinct systems.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics dictates that entropy in an isolated system always increases, prohibiting 100% efficient heat engines.
Showing 25 Curated Questions56 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-PERS-00513
hardLegendary Scientists
In which landmark 1687 scientific work did Sir Isaac Newton formulate the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, establishing classical mechanics?
Verified Explanation
Newton's "Principia Mathematica", published under the encouragement and funding of Edmond Halley, is universally regarded as the foundational treatise of physics.
2ID: GK-UNIT-00472
mediumSI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the relationship between the CGS unit of force (Dyne) and the SI unit of force (Newton)?
Verified Explanation
1 Newton = 1 kg 1 m / s^2 = (10^3 g) (10^2 cm) / s^2 = 10^5 g cm s^-2 = 10^5 Dynes.
3ID: GK-GSCI-00069
easySi Units Constants
What is the SI unit of Work and Energy, equivalent to one Newton-meter (N·m)?
Verified Explanation
Named after James Prescott Joule, 1 Joule is the work done when a force of 1 Newton displaces an object by 1 meter.
4ID: GK-GSCI-00595
easyLaws of Everyday Physics
Newton's First Law of Motion is also widely known as which fundamental law of physics?
Verified Explanation
Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force; this property of matter is termed inertia.
5ID: GK-GSCI-00060
easyEveryday Physics
Newton's First Law of Motion, stating that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external net force, is also called what?
Verified Explanation
Inertia is the inherent property of matter to resist any change in its velocity or state of rest.
6ID: GK-GSCI-00064
easySi Units Constants
What is the SI unit of Pressure, defined as one Newton force acting perpendicular per square meter?
Verified Explanation
Named after Blaise Pascal, 1 Pa = 1 N/m²; standard atmospheric pressure is equal to 101,325 Pascals (101.325 kPa).
7ID: GK-GSCI-00535
easyLaws of Everyday Physics
According to Newton's First Law of Motion, what property causes an object to resist changes in its state of rest or motion?
Verified Explanation
Inertia is the inherent tendency of an object to resist any change in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line.
8ID: GK-UNIT-00043
mediumSI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the SI derived unit of pressure and mechanical stress, defined as one newton per square metre (1 N/m²)?
Verified Explanation
The Pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure and internal stress, named after Blaise Pascal (1 Pa = 1 N/m² = 1 kg/(m·s²)).
9ID: GK-UNIT-00166
hardScientific Constants, SI Prefixes & Conversions
What is the dimensional formula of the Universal Gravitational Constant (G) derived from Newton's law F = G·m₁·m₂ / r²?
Verified Explanation
Rearranging G = F·r² / (m₁·m₂): [G] = ([M L T^-2] × [L²]) / [M²] = [M^-1 L^3 T^-2].
10ID: GK-UNIT-00167
hardSI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the dimensional formula of the Dynamic Coefficient of Viscosity (η) defined in Newton's viscosity law F = −η·A·(dv/dx)?
Verified Explanation
η = F / (A × dv/dx) = [M L T^-2] / ([L²] × [T^-1]) = [M L^-1 T^-1] (SI unit: Pa·s or Poiseuille).
11ID: GK-UNIT-00285
hardScientific Constants, SI Prefixes & Conversions
What is the correct dimensional formula of the universal gravitational constant (G) appearing in Newton's law of gravitation?
Verified Explanation
From F = G(m1·m2)/r^2, G = F·r^2 / (m1·m2) = [M L T^-2][L^2] / [M^2] = [M^-1 L^3 T^-2].
12ID: GK-UNIT-00294
hardSI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the dimensional formula of the Coefficient of Viscosity (η), as defined in Newton's formula for viscous force F = η·A·(dv/dx)?
Verified Explanation
From F = η·A·(dv/dx), η = F / [A · (dv/dx)] = [M L T^-2] / ([L^2][T^-1]) = [M L^-1 T^-1]. The SI unit is Pa·s.
13ID: GK-UNIT-00519
easySI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the SI derived unit of work, energy, and quantity of heat, defined as one newton-metre (N·m)?
Verified Explanation
The joule (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy and work, named in honor of English physicist James Prescott Joule.
14ID: GK-UNIT-00523
easySI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the SI derived unit of pressure and mechanical stress, defined as one newton of force per square metre of area (N/m²)?
Verified Explanation
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI unit of pressure and stress, named after French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal.
15ID: GK-UNIT-00586
mediumScientific Constants, SI Prefixes & Conversions
What is the dimensional formula of the Universal Gravitational Constant (G) in Newton's law of gravitation?
Verified Explanation
From F=Gr2m1m2, we have G=m1m2Fr2=[M2][MLT−2][L2]=[M−1L3T−2].
16ID: GK-PERS-00537
easyLegendary Scientists
Which 17th-century English polymath published the 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' in 1687, laying down the three universal laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation?
Verified Explanation
Sir Isaac Newton's 1687 'Principia' formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, forming the foundation of classical mechanics and modern physics.
17ID: GK-PERS-00592
easyLegendary Scientists
Which English mathematician and physicist formulated the three fundamental laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation in his 1687 masterwork 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica'
Verified Explanation
Sir Isaac Newton laid the foundations of classical mechanics and optics, demonstrating that the motions of objects on Earth and celestial bodies are governed by the same natural laws.
18ID: GK-INVN-00471
easyPhysics & Engineering Inventions
Who formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation and the three fundamental Laws of Motion in his 1687 treatise 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica'?
Verified Explanation
Sir Isaac Newton published the 'Principia' in 1687, laying the foundations of classical mechanics with the three laws of motion and the inverse-square law of universal gravitation.
19ID: GK-UNIT-00018
easyScientific Constants, SI Prefixes & Conversions
What is the SI derived unit of force, named in honour of the English physicist who formulated the laws of motion and gravitation?
Verified Explanation
The Newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force, defined as the force needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 metre per second squared (1 N = 1 kg·m/s²).
20ID: GK-UNIT-00083
easySI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the CGS unit of force, defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram at one centimetre per second squared?
Verified Explanation
The dyne (dyn) is the CGS unit of force, where 1 Newton = 10⁵ dynes (1 dyn = 1 g·cm/s²).
21ID: GK-UNIT-00101
mediumSI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the SI unit of linear momentum and impulse in classical mechanics?
Verified Explanation
Linear momentum (p = m·v) and impulse (J = F·Δt) have identical dimensions [M L T⁻¹] and are measured in kg·m/s or Newton-seconds (N·s).
22ID: GK-UNIT-00129
easyScientific Constants, SI Prefixes & Conversions
What is the derived SI unit of force, defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at one metre per second squared?
Verified Explanation
The Newton (symbol N), named after Sir Isaac Newton, is the SI unit of force equal to 1 kg·m/s² (1 N = 10^5 dynes).
23ID: GK-UNIT-00258
easySI Base Units, Derived Quantities & Dimensions
What is the SI unit of force, defined as the amount of net force required to accelerate an object of 1 kg mass at a rate of 1 metre per second squared (1 kg·m/s^2)?
Verified Explanation
The newton (symbol: N) is the SI derived unit of force, named in recognition of Sir Isaac Newton's laws of classical mechanics.
24ID: GK-GSCI-00001
easySI Units, Dimensions & Constants
What is the SI unit of Force in physics?
Verified Explanation
One Newton is defined as the force necessary to provide a mass of one kilogram with an acceleration of 1 m/s².
25ID: GK-GSCI-00008
easyLaws of Everyday Physics
Which law of motion states that 'For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction'?
Verified Explanation
Sir Isaac Newton's Third Law of Motion states that forces always occur in matched action-reaction pairs.
Search across all 56 Classical Physics: Newton Laws of Motion, Gravitation & Thermodynamics questions or browse 44,700+ verified questions across 65 domains.