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Inland Waterways & National Waterways GK Questions & Answers
Inland water transport in India operates under the statutory authority of the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), established on October 27, 1986, pursuant to the Inland Waterways Authority of India Act, 1985. The sector underwent systemic legislative expansion with the enactment of the National Waterways Act, 2016 (Act No. 17 of 2016), which repealed five earlier statutes and declared 111 inland waterways as National Waterways across 24 states. National Waterway 1 (NW-1) constitutes the longest operational corridor, spanning 1,620 kilometers along the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system from Prayagraj to Haldia. Under the Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP), implemented with technical and financial assistance from the World Bank, NW-1 features multi-modal terminals at Varanasi, Sahibganj, and Haldia, alongside an advanced navigational lock at Farakka. National Waterway 2 encompasses 891 kilometers along the Brahmaputra River from Dhubri to Sadiya, while National Waterway 3 spans 205 kilometers along Kerala’s West Coast Canal. Inland navigation delivers significant environmental and logistical efficiencies, consuming 1 liter of fuel to move 105 ton-kilometers of freight compared to 24 ton-kilometers by road.
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The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) was established on October 27, 1986, under the IWAI Act, 1985, headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
The National Waterways Act, 2016 merged five existing national waterways and declared 106 new waterways, establishing a total of 111 National Waterways.
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) traverses the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system between Prayagraj and Haldia across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
Spanning 1,620 kilometers, NW-1 is India's longest operational National Waterway and was declared as NW-1 in October 1986.
The Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) was approved to enhance navigation capacity on NW-1 for vessels up to 2,000 deadweight tonnage with World Bank assistance.
Three Multi-Modal Terminals (MMTs) have been commissioned under JMVP along NW-1 at Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), Sahibganj (Jharkhand), and Haldia (West Bengal).
National Waterway 2 (NW-2) covers an 891-kilometer stretch of the Brahmaputra River between Dhubri near the Bangladesh border and Sadiya in Assam, declared in 1988.
National Waterway 3 (NW-3) spans 205 kilometers in Kerala, comprising the West Coast Canal (Kottapuram to Kollam), Udyogmandal Canal, and Champakkara Canal.
NW-3 was the first National Waterway in India to provide 24-hour night navigation facilities across its entire stretch.
National Waterway 4 (NW-4) encompasses 1,078 kilometers connecting Kakinada to Puducherry via the Godavari and Krishna rivers, alongside the Buckingham and Commamur canals.
National Waterway 5 (NW-5) covers 623 kilometers encompassing the Brahmani River, Matai River, East Coast Canal, and Mahanadi delta in Odisha and West Bengal.
National Waterway 16 (NW-16) comprises a 121-kilometer stretch of the Barak River from Lakhipur to Bhanga in southern Assam, facilitating regional connectivity with Bangladesh.
The Indo-Bangladesh Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT), first signed in 1972, permits inland vessels of both nations to transit designated river routes.
Inland water transport consumes approximately 1 liter of fuel per 105 ton-km of freight movement, compared to 24 ton-km by road transport and 85 ton-km by rail transport.
Entry 24 of the Union List (Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution) empowers the Parliament to legislate on shipping and navigation on inland waterways declared national waterways.
hardNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 1 (NW-1), the longest national waterway in India spanning 1,620 km, operates along which river system?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) extends from Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh to Haldia in West Bengal over the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system for a total distance of 1,620 kilometres.
2ID: GK-TRAN-00014
easyNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 2 (NW-2) in India is developed along which major river?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 2 (NW-2) spans 891 kilometres along the Brahmaputra River from Sadiya to Dhubri near the Bangladesh border in Assam.
3ID: GK-TRAN-00198
easyNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 37 (NW-37) is designated along which Himalayan tributary river in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 37 (NW-37) covers a 300 km stretch along the Gandak River from the Bhaisalotan Barrage to its confluence with the Ganga at Patna/Hajipur.
4ID: GK-TRAN-00229
hardNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 86 (NW-86) is designated along which tidal river of West Bengal connecting Kolaghat to Geonkhali?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 86 (NW-86) runs along the Rupnarayan River in West Bengal over a length of 72 km from the confluence with the Hooghly at Geonkhali to the highway bridge at Bakshi.
5ID: GK-TRAN-00246
easyNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 1 (NW-1), the longest operational national waterway in India, stretches from Prayagraj to Haldia along which river system?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) extends over 1,620 km along the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system, running across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
6ID: GK-TRAN-00250
easyNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 2 (NW-2), declared in 1988, connects Sadiya to Dhubri over a distance of 891 km along which river?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 2 (NW-2) covers an 891-kilometre stretch of the Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri near the Bangladesh border in Assam.
7ID: GK-TRAN-00274
mediumNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
What is the total designated navigable length of National Waterway 1 (NW-1) from Prayagraj to Haldia?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) spans an official total distance of 1,620 km along the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system between Prayagraj in UP and Haldia in West Bengal.
8ID: GK-TRAN-00465
easyNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 1 (NW-1), stretching across 1,620 kilometres, runs along which major river system in India?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) covers the 1,620 km stretch of the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system between Prayagraj (Allahabad) and Haldia.
9ID: GK-TRAN-00528
easyNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
What is the total declared navigable length of National Waterway 1 (NW-1), spanning the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system between Prayagraj and Haldia?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) is the longest national waterway in India, spanning 1,620 km across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
10ID: GK-TRAN-00036
mediumNational Waterways NW-1 to NW-5 & Inland Cargo
National Waterway 3 (NW-3), spanning 205 kilometres, comprises the West Coast Canal along with Champakara and Udyogmandal canals in which state?
Verified Explanation
National Waterway 3 runs from Kottapuram to Kollam along the West Coast Canal in Kerala, incorporating the Champakara and Udyogmandal canals over a stretch of 205 km.