The establishment of British East India Company hegemony in the Indian subcontinent was catalyzed by two decisive military confrontations in Bengal: the Battle of Plassey (June 23, 1757) and the Battle of Buxar (October 22, 1764). At Plassey, Robert Clive exploited internal court conspiracies involving commander-in-chief Mir Jafar, financier Jagat Seth, and Omichund to defeat Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah following tensions over the fortification of Fort William, misuse of trade dastaks, and the Black Hole incident. Mir Jafar was installed as a puppet ruler, initiating the drain of Bengal's treasury. Subsequent resistance by Nawab Mir Qasim against Company trade abuses led to the Battle of Buxar, where British forces under Major Hector Munro routed the combined confederacy of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula, and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The conflict culminated in the Treaty of Allahabad (August 1765), signed by Robert Clive. The treaty granted the East India Company the Diwani rights (revenue collection) over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in return for an annual tribute of 26 lakh rupees to the Mughal Emperor, inaugurating the exploitative Dual Government system (1765–1772) devised by Clive.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
On June 23, 1757, Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey through conspiratorial alliances with Mir Jafar and Jagat Seth.
On October 22, 1764, Major Hector Munro commanded Company forces to defeat the allied armies of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Shah Alam II.
The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) granted the East India Company sovereign Diwani revenue rights over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.
Robert Clive instituted the Dual Government system in Bengal (1765–1772), separating Nizamat (administration) from Diwani (revenue).
Victory at Buxar transformed the East India Company from a commercial mercantile body into the de facto sovereign power in Northern India.
Showing 25 Curated Questions306 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-HIST-00535
easyMughal Dynasty
In which year was the First Battle of Panipat fought, leading to the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India?
Verified Explanation
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat on April 21, 1526, founding the Mughal Empire.
2ID: GK-HIST-00596
easyBritish Colonial Rule
The historic Battle of Plassey (1757), which marked the beginning of British political dominance in India, was fought between Robert Clive and which Nawab of Bengal?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757, where British East India Company troops under Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, due to the conspiracy of Mir Jafar.
3ID: GK-HIST-00615
mediumMughal Dynasty
In the Battle of Khanwa (1527), Babur used Ottoman tactical formations (Tulughma and Araba) to defeat the Rajput confederacy led by which ruler?
Verified Explanation
Babur defeated the Rajput confederacy led by Maharana Sangram Singh (Rana Sanga) of Mewar at the Battle of Khanwa near Bharatpur on 16 March 1527.
4ID: GK-HIST-00522
hardMedieval India & Sultanates
The historical battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi (Battle of Talikota) in 1565 was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and which confederacy?
Verified Explanation
On 23 January 1565, the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates defeated Aliya Rama Raya's Vijayanagara army at Talikota, leading to the destruction of the imperial capital.
5ID: GK-HIST-00544
easyBritish Colonial Rule
Who was the Nawab of Bengal defeated by Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757?
Verified Explanation
Siraj-ud-Daulah, the young Nawab of Bengal, was betrayed by his commander Mir Jafar and defeated by Clive on June 23, 1757.
6ID: GK-HIST-00644
hardMedieval India & Sultanates
The catastrophic Battle of Talikota (Rakshasi-Tangadi) in January 1565, which shattered the Vijayanagara Empire, was fought against the combined coalition of which Deccan Sultanates?
Verified Explanation
The confederacy of four Deccan Sultanates—Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, and Bidar (with Berar excluded due to regional rivalry)—defeated Rama Raya of Vijayanagara on 23 January 1565.
7ID: GK-HIST-01001
easyMughal Empire & Regional Kingdoms
In June 1539, Sher Shah Suri decisively defeated Mughal Emperor Humayun on the banks of the Ganges in which historic battle, forcing Humayun to flee towards Agra?
Verified Explanation
On 26 June 1539, Sher Khan (Sher Shah Suri) executed a surprise dawn attack on Humayun's encamped army at Chausa near Buxar on the banks of the Ganges. Humayun narrowly escaped drowning with the help of a water-carrier named Nizam. Following this victory, Sher Khan assumed the royal title of 'Sher Shah' and struck coins in his name.
8ID: GK-AWRD-00499
mediumGallantry Military Awards
Who was the youngest recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, awarded posthumously for supreme courage in the Battle of Basantar during the 1971 Indo-Pak War at age 21?
Verified Explanation
2nd Lt. Arun Khetarpal of the 17 Poona Horse single-handedly destroyed multiple enemy tanks at the Battle of Basantar on 16 December 1971 before making the supreme sacrifice at age 21.
Which 18th-century Persian historical masterpiece, authored by Sayyid Ghulam Husain Khan Tabataba'i, provides a critical eyewitness account of the decline of the Mughal Empire and the Battle of Plassey and Buxar?
Verified Explanation
Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin (completed in 1781 CE by Ghulam Husain Tabataba'i in Patna) is celebrated as the foremost contemporary Persian history of 18th-century India, detailing the Nawabs of Bengal, the British East India Company's rise, and the Battle of Buxar.
10ID: GK-DEF-00502
mediumWarships Submarines Jets
What is the name of the main battle tank (MBT) indigenously designed by Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) of DRDO?
Verified Explanation
Arjun MBT is a third-generation main battle tank developed by DRDO's CVRDE, equipped with a 120mm rifled gun and Kanchan composite armour.
11ID: GK-DEF-00519
hardHistoric Military Operations
In the 1971 Battle of Basantar (Shakargarh bulge), who was the youngest recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, posthumously awarded for knocking out enemy tanks?
Verified Explanation
Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal of the 17 Poona Horse showed extraordinary heroism at the age of 21 in the Battle of Basantar on 16 December 1971.
12ID: GK-DEF-00582
hardHistoric Military Operations
In which legendary desert battle of the 1971 war did Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri's 'A' Company of 23 Punjab hold off 2,000 Pakistani soldiers and 45 tanks with the assistance of IAF Hawker Hunter aircraft?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Longewala (4–5 December 1971) saw Indian troops inflict devastating tank casualties on the Pakistani 51st Infantry Brigade without losing a single infantry position.
13ID: GK-DTECH-00225
hardAir Defence, S-400, BMD & Combat Aircraft
Which specialized 3D panoramic battle management radar system in the S-400 battery conducts long-range air surveillance and early warning detection up to 600 km?
Verified Explanation
The 91N6E 'Big Bird' is the panoramic, dual-sided 3D phased array battle management and target acquisition radar of the S-400 system. It detects and tracks stealth aircraft, ballistic missiles, and cruise missiles up to 600 km away, feeding target data to the 55K6E command post.
14ID: GK-DTECH-00537
mediumAir Defence Radars, S-400 & BMD Systems
In the Russian S-400 Triumf air defence battery acquired by India, which large 3D panoramic acquisition and battle management radar, known by the NATO codename 'Big Bird', conducts airspace surveillance up to 600 km?
Verified Explanation
In an S-400 Triumf regiment, the 91N6E radar (NATO codename 'Big Bird') functions as the apex 3D panoramic acquisition and battle management radar. Operating in S-band with twin back-to-back planar phased array antennas rotating at 6 to 12 rpm, it detects and tracks up to 300 aerial targets simultaneously—including stealth aircraft, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles—at ranges up to 600 km, relaying engagement assignments to the 92N6E 'Grave Stone' fire-control radar.
15ID: GK-EPIC-00071
easyFour Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas & Vedangas
The historic 'Battle of the Ten Kings' (Dasharajna Yuddha), wherein King Sudas of the Bharata tribe defeated a confederacy of ten opposing tribes on the banks of the Parushni River, is narrated in which Mandala of the Rigveda?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of the Ten Kings (Dasharajna Yuddha) is chronicled in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda (composed by Sage Vashistha). King Sudas of the Tritsu-Bharata dynasty defeated an alliance of ten powerful Rigvedic tribes on the banks of the River Parushni (modern Ravi).
16ID: GK-EPIC-00199
mediumFour Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas & Vedangas
Which Vedic sage and his clan composed the hymns of the Seventh Mandala of the Rigveda, which vividly describes the historic Battle of the Ten Kings (Dasharajna)?
Verified Explanation
Mandala VII of the Rigveda was composed by Sage Vashistha and his family (Vashistha Mandala). Hymns 7.18, 7.33, and 7.83 contain the famous historical account of the Battle of the Ten Kings on the river Parushni, in which King Sudas of the Bharata tribe emerged victorious.
17ID: GK-WHIST-00480
easyGreek Roman Empires
In 490 BCE, the Athenians under Miltiades decisively defeated the first Persian invasion of Greece at which coastal battle?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Marathon (September 490 BCE) was a pivotal victory for Athens against King Darius I's Persian army, inspiring the legendary long-distance run of Pheidippides.
18ID: GK-WHIST-00484
easyWorld War I
Which massive May 1916 naval battle in the North Sea was the largest clash of dreadnought battleships during World War I?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916) pitted the British Grand Fleet against the German High Seas Fleet off Denmark, confirming British naval blockade supremacy.
19ID: GK-WHIST-00497
mediumWorld War II
Which July-August 1943 clash in the Soviet Union involved over two million personnel and stands as the largest tank battle in military history?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Kursk (Operation Citadel) ended in a decisive Soviet strategic victory over the German Wehrmacht, permanently eliminating Germany's offensive capability on the Eastern Front.
20ID: GK-WHIST-00500
mediumGreek Roman Empires
In 31 BCE, which decisive naval battle in the Ionian Sea saw Octavian defeat the joint forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Actium resulted in the complete rout of Antony and Cleopatra's navy, enabling Octavian to annex Ptolemaic Egypt and establish the Roman Empire.
21ID: GK-WHIST-00511
hardAncient Civilizations
The 15th-century BCE Battle of Megiddo, fought between Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III and a Canaanite coalition, is historically notable as the:
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Megiddo (c. 1457 BCE) was recorded in detail on the walls of the Temple of Karnak by scribe Tjaneni, documenting troop movements, casualties, and captured chariots.
22ID: GK-WHIST-00515
hardAmerican French Revolutions
The September 1792 Battle of Valmy was a critical military milestone for the French Revolution because it:
Verified Explanation
At the Battle of Valmy (20 September 1792), French revolutionary forces under Kellermann and Dumouriez turned back the Prussian army; on 21 September, France proclaimed itself a Republic.
23ID: GK-WHIST-00516
hardWorld War I
Which 1916 battle, lasting 302 days and inflicting over 700,000 casualties, became the defining symbol of French defensive resolve under General Philippe Pétain?
Verified Explanation
The Battle of Verdun (February–December 1916) saw French forces successfully hold the fortified region of Verdun against General Erich von Falkenhayn's attrition strategy ('bleeding France white').
24ID: GK-WHIST-00569
mediumWorld War I
The largest and longest battle on the Western Front in 1916, fought between French and German forces around a fortress city with the rally cry 'They shall not pass!', was what?
Verified Explanation
Fought from February 21 to December 18, 1916, the Battle of Verdun resulted in over 700,000 total casualties and became a monumental symbol of French military resilience under General Philippe Pétain.
25ID: GK-WHIST-00571
hardAncient Civilizations
The Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274 BCE), which culminated in the world's earliest known surviving international peace treaty, was fought between which two ancient powers?
Verified Explanation
Fought along the Orontes River in modern Syria, the Battle of Kadesh between Pharaoh Ramesses II and Hittite King Muwatalli II ended in stalemate, leading to the Egyptian-Hittite Treaty (Silver Treaty) of c. 1259 BCE.
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