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Governance & Society Cluster881 Verified Questions
Supreme Court of India & Judicial System GK Questions & Answers
The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950, succeeding the Federal Court of India established under the Government of India Act 1935. Governed by Part V, Chapter IV (Articles 124 to 147) of the Constitution, the apex court comprises the Chief Justice of India and up to 33 other judges as sanctioned by the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019. Judicial appointments are executed by the President under Article 124(2) via the Collegium system, formulated through the Three Judges Cases (1982, 1993, 1998). Judges hold office until attaining the age of 65 years and can only be removed by parliamentary address under Article 124(4) on proved misbehaviour or incapacity. As a Court of Record under Article 129, it holds inherent power to punish for contempt. The court exercises original jurisdiction under Article 131 for federal disputes, writ jurisdiction under Article 32 for fundamental rights enforcement, appellate jurisdiction under Articles 132 to 134, discretionary review under Article 136 (Special Leave Petitions), and advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 upon presidential reference. Through landmark rulings such as Kesavananda Bharati (1973), the court entrenched the Basic Structure doctrine.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
Part V, Chapter IV (Articles 124-147) establishes the Supreme Court of India, currently consisting of 34 judges (1 Chief Justice and 33 puines judges) who serve until the age of 65.
Under Article 131, the Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction in disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States.
Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo-Warranto, Certiorari) for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, designated by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution.
Under Article 143, the President of India may seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of law or public importance, though the advice is non-binding.
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), a 13-judge constitutional bench established the Basic Structure doctrine, limiting Parliament's amending power under Article 368.
Showing 25 Curated Questions881 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-POL-00595
easyJudiciary & Supreme Court
Which Article of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India?
Verified Explanation
Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India and other judges as prescribed by Parliament.
2ID: GK-POL-00622
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
The Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India, allowing the President to seek judicial opinion on questions of law or public importance, is provided under:
Verified Explanation
Article 143 confers consultative/advisory jurisdiction on the Supreme Court, permitting the President to refer any question of law or fact of public importance for opinion.
3ID: GK-POL-00642
hardJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under which Article does the Supreme Court of India possess discretionary jurisdiction to grant 'Special Leave to Appeal' (SLP) against any judgment, decree, or order of any court or tribunal in India (except armed forces tribunals)?
Verified Explanation
Article 136 confers extraordinary appellate power on the Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal from any judgment or decree in any cause passed by any court or tribunal in India.
4ID: GK-POL-00061
easyJudiciary Supreme Court
What is the mandatory retirement age for a Judge of the Supreme Court of India under Article 124(2)?
Verified Explanation
Supreme Court judges hold office until attaining the age of 65 years, whereas High Court judges retire at 62 years.
5ID: GK-POL-00088
easyJudiciary Supreme Court
Which Article of the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court as a "Court of Record" possessing power to punish for contempt of itself?
Verified Explanation
Article 129 declares the Supreme Court of India to be a Court of Record with all the powers of such a court including punishment for contempt.
6ID: GK-POL-00100
mediumJudiciary Supreme Court
Under Article 143 of the Constitution, the President may seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of law or fact. This is known as what?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 143, the President can refer public importance questions to the Supreme Court for its consultative advisory opinion.
7ID: GK-POL-00101
mediumJudiciary Supreme Court
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction over inter-governmental disputes between the Union and one or more States is vested in the Supreme Court under which Article?
Verified Explanation
Article 131 confers exclusive original jurisdiction on the Supreme Court to adjudicate federal legal disputes between the Centre and States.
8ID: GK-POL-00120
mediumJudiciary Supreme Court
Under Article 141 of the Constitution, the law declared by the Supreme Court of India is binding on which authorities?
Verified Explanation
Article 141 establishes that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within India.
9ID: GK-POL-00127
mediumJudiciary Supreme Court
Which Special Leave Petition (SLP) provision in the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court plenary appellate discretion to hear appeals against any court judgment?
Verified Explanation
Article 136 allows the Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, or sentence of any court or tribunal in India.
10ID: GK-POL-00187
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Article 142 of the Indian Constitution grants extraordinary plenary powers to the Supreme Court of India to do what?
Verified Explanation
Article 142(1) empowers the Supreme Court to pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it.
11ID: GK-POL-00224
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under Article 143 of the Constitution, what type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court exercise when consulted by the President?
Verified Explanation
Article 143 confers Advisory Jurisdiction on the Supreme Court, allowing the President to refer questions of law or public importance for opinion.
12ID: GK-POL-00231
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under Article 131, the Supreme Court of India exercises 'Original Jurisdiction' to adjudicate disputes between:
Verified Explanation
Article 131 grants original exclusive jurisdiction to the Supreme Court in federal disputes involving the Union Government and States, or between two or more States.
13ID: GK-POL-00244
hardJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under Article 142 of the Constitution, what unique inherent power is vested in the Supreme Court of India?
Verified Explanation
Article 142 empowers the Supreme Court to pass any decree or make any order necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter before it, which is enforceable throughout the territory of India.
14ID: GK-POL-00274
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under Article 137 of the Constitution, what special power does the Supreme Court possess regarding its own earlier judgements?
Verified Explanation
Article 137 empowers the Supreme Court to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it to correct any miscarriage of justice.
15ID: GK-POL-00304
easyJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under Article 127 of the Indian Constitution, who has the authority to appoint an ad hoc Judge of the Supreme Court with the previous consent of the President?
Verified Explanation
Article 127 empowers the Chief Justice of India to request a High Court judge to attend sittings of the Supreme Court as an ad hoc judge with the prior consent of the President.
16ID: GK-POL-00331
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under which Article does the law declared by the Supreme Court of India become binding on all courts within the territory of India?
Verified Explanation
Article 141 states that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.
17ID: GK-POL-00338
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under Article 131 of the Constitution, disputes between the Government of India and one or more States fall under which jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Verified Explanation
Article 131 gives Exclusive Original Jurisdiction to the Supreme Court for federal disputes involving Union and States or between two or more States.
18ID: GK-POL-00344
hardJudiciary & Supreme Court
Under which extraordinary Article of the Constitution is the Supreme Court vested with inherent plenary power to pass any decree or order necessary for doing 'complete justice' in any cause or matter?
Verified Explanation
Article 142(1) empowers the Supreme Court to pass decrees or make orders necessary for doing complete justice between the parties in any case before it.
19ID: GK-POL-00361
easyJudiciary & Supreme Court
Which Article of the Constitution declares the Supreme Court to be a "Court of Record" with power to punish for contempt of itself?
Verified Explanation
Article 129 provides that the Supreme Court shall be a Court of Record and shall have all powers of such a court, including contempt powers.
20ID: GK-POL-00379
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers the President of India to consult the Supreme Court on questions of public importance (Advisory Jurisdiction)?
Verified Explanation
Article 143 of the Constitution confers Advisory Jurisdiction upon the Supreme Court, allowing the President to refer questions of law or fact for its advisory opinion.
21ID: GK-POL-00394
hardJudiciary & Supreme Court
Article 142 of the Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court to:
Verified Explanation
Article 142(1) confers plenary inherent powers upon the Supreme Court to pass orders and decrees necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it.
22ID: GK-POL-00401
hardJudiciary & Supreme Court
The 'Special Leave Petition' (SLP), which grants discretionary appellate power to the Supreme Court against any judgment or order from any court or tribunal in India, is provided under which Article?
Verified Explanation
Article 136 confers extraordinary discretionary power on the Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, sentence or order passed by any court or tribunal in India (except military tribunals).
23ID: GK-POL-00481
easyJudiciary & Supreme Court
What is the mandatory retirement age for a Judge of the Supreme Court of India?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 124(2) of the Constitution, a Supreme Court Judge holds office until attaining the age of 65 years.
24ID: GK-POL-00509
mediumJudiciary & Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India officially commenced its sittings on which date in 1950, succeeding the Federal Court of India?
Verified Explanation
The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on 28 January 1950 in the Chamber of Princes in Parliament House, two days after the Constitution took effect.
25ID: GK-POL-00535
easyJudiciary & Supreme Court
What is the retirement age of a Judge of the Supreme Court of India?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 124(2) of the Indian Constitution, a Judge of the Supreme Court holds office until attaining the age of 65 years.