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India Cluster486 Verified Questions
Gandhian Mass Movements & Freedom Struggle GK Questions & Answers
The arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India from South Africa on January 9, 1915 (commemorated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas) fundamentally transformed the Indian freedom struggle from elite political discourse into an unprecedented nationwide mass movement. Grounded in the twin tenets of Satya (Truth) and Ahimsa (Non-Violence), Gandhi tested his Satyagraha methodology in local agrarian and labour struggles: Champaran Indigo Satyagraha (1917, first civil disobedience), Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918, first hunger strike), and Kheda Satyagraha (1918, first non-cooperation). Building on this foundation, Gandhi led three nationwide mass movements that systematically dismantled British imperial legitimacy: the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22, suspended after the Chauri Chaura incident), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34, initiated with the 240-mile Dandi Salt March), and the decisive Quit India Movement (1942, with the clarion call "Do or Die").
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) in Bihar against the oppressive Tinkathia system was Mahatma Gandhi’s first civil disobedience movement in India.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920 alongside the Khilafat Movement and was withdrawn following the Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur in February 1922.
The Dandi March commenced on March 12, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi (Gujarat), spanning 240 miles to break the salt tax and launch Civil Disobedience.
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931, leading to the suspension of Civil Disobedience and Gandhi’s participation in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
The Quit India Movement was launched on August 8, 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan (August Kranti Maidan) in Bombay with the call "Do or Die".
Showing 25 Curated Questions486 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-HIST-00537
easyFreedom Struggle & National Movement
Where did Mahatma Gandhi establish his first ashram in India after returning from South Africa in 1915?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi set up the Kochrab Ashram near Ahmedabad on May 25, 1915, before moving it to the banks of the Sabarmati in 1917.
2ID: GK-HIST-00598
easyFreedom Struggle & National Movement
From which historic base in Gujarat did Mahatma Gandhi commence his 240-mile Salt March on 12 March 1930?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi set out from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad with 78 chosen ashramites, marching to the coastal village of Dandi where he broke the salt laws on 6 April 1930.
3ID: GK-HIST-01027
mediumIndian Freedom Struggle & National Movement
During the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 in Gujarat, which young lawyer from Nadiad joined Mahatma Gandhi as his chief lieutenant, abandoning his legal practice to organize the peasant non-payment campaign?
Verified Explanation
When severe monsoon failure ruined crops in Kheda district in 1918 and the colonial administration rejected peasants' demands for full revenue remission under the revenue code, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Kheda Satyagraha. Vallabhbhai Patel abandoned his lucrative barrister practice in Ahmedabad to tour villages, rally the Patidar peasants, and enforce a non-payment pledge until the government suspended tax collection.
4ID: GK-HIST-00485
easyFreedom Struggle & National Movement
In which year did the historic Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) led by Mahatma Gandhi commence?
Verified Explanation
The Dandi March began on 12 March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and concluded at Dandi on 6 April 1930, inaugurating the Civil Disobedience Movement.
5ID: GK-AWRD-00561
mediumNational Civilian Honours
Which annual international peace award, instituted by the Government of India in 1995 on the 125th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, carries a cash prize of ₹1 crore?
Verified Explanation
The International Gandhi Peace Prize was established in 1995 to honour individuals and institutions contributing towards social, economic, and political transformation through non-violence.
6ID: GK-AWRD-00579
hardNational Civilian Honours
Which historic religious publishing institution was awarded the Gandhi Peace Prize for the year 2021 by the Government of India in recognition of its centennial contribution to social transformation?
Verified Explanation
Gita Press, Gorakhpur (founded in 1923 by Jaya Dayal Goyandka and Hanuman Prasad Poddar) was conferred the Gandhi Peace Prize 2021 on completing its centenary year.
7ID: GK-BANK-00188
easyCommercial Banks, Payment Banks & SFBs
Which major public sector bank was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi on 11 November 1919 at its corporate building in Mumbai?
Verified Explanation
Union Bank of India was established in April 1919 and was officially inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi on 11 November 1919 in Mumbai.
8ID: GK-BANK-00341
mediumCommercial Banks, Payment Banks & SFBs
Which premier public sector commercial bank was formally inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi on 11 November 1919 in Bombay?
Verified Explanation
Union Bank of India was founded in 1919 and its corporate headquarters in Fort, Bombay was formally inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi on 11 November 1919.
'The Story of My Experiments with Truth', the celebrated autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi, was originally written in which language?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi wrote his autobiography in Gujarati in weekly installments in his journal 'Navajivan' (1925–1929), later translated into English by Mahadev Desai.
'Hind Swaraj' (or Indian Home Rule), a foundational critique of modern industrial civilization and blueprint for non-violent resistance, was written in 1909 by Mahatma Gandhi aboard which ship?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi wrote 'Hind Swaraj' in Gujarati between 13 and 22 November 1909 aboard the ship SS Kildonan Castle while traveling from London to South Africa.
11ID: GK-PUBS-00105
hardWings of Fire, Discovery of India & Famous Biographies
'India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy' (2007), a comprehensive narrative account of India's post-independence challenges and political evolution, was authored by:
Verified Explanation
Ramachandra Guha authored 'India After Gandhi', recognized globally as a definitive historical account of independent India from Partition to the 21st century.
12ID: GK-PUBS-00252
easyHicky's Bengal Gazette, The Hindu & Historic Presses
Which premier national English daily newspaper was inaugurated in New Delhi on 26 September 1924 by Mahatma Gandhi, originally founded by Akali leader Sunder Singh Lyallpuri?
Verified Explanation
Hindustan Times was founded in 1924 by Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, Mangal Singh Gill, and the Akali movement, with K.M. Panikkar as its first editor. Mahatma Gandhi formally inaugurated the press in Delhi, and industrialist G.D. Birla later acquired and expanded it.
Which 1925 autobiography, titled 'My Reminiscences of the Anglo-Boer War' / 'Satyagraha in South Africa' (Dakshina Afrikana Satyagrahano Itihas), was written by Mahatma Gandhi while imprisoned in Yerwada Central Jail?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi wrote 'Satyagraha in South Africa' in Gujarati between 1923 and 1924 while imprisoned in Yerwada Central Jail, Pune, providing the definitive historical and strategic account of the birth of Satyagraha between 1906 and 1914.
Who translated Mahatma Gandhi's original Gujarati autobiography 'Satya na Prayogo athva Atmakatha' into English as 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth'?
Verified Explanation
Mahadev Desai, personal secretary to Mahatma Gandhi, translated Gandhi's Gujarati autobiography into English, first published serially in 'Young India'.
Which book authored by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909 aboard the ship SS Kildonan Castle contains his core philosophical critique of Western industrial civilization and his vision of self-rule?
Verified Explanation
'Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule' was written by Gandhi in 1909 in Gujarati during his return voyage from London to South Africa, framing dialogues between the 'Reader' and the 'Editor'.
Which multilingual newspaper published from South Africa between 1903 and 1914 by Mahatma Gandhi and the Phoenix Settlement appeared in English, Gujarati, Hindi, and Tamil?
Verified Explanation
'Indian Opinion' was established in 1903 in Durban by Mahatma Gandhi and Mansukhlal Nazar, serving as the voice of the South African Indian civil rights and Satyagraha movement.
Who translated Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth' from Gujarati into English?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi wrote his autobiography in Gujarati, which was serialized in Navajivan and translated into English by his personal secretary Mahadev Desai, published in book form in 1927–1929.
Mahatma Gandhi composed his seminal philosophical booklet 'Hind Swaraj' (Indian Home Rule) in 1909 while travelling on which ship from London to South Africa?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi wrote 'Hind Swaraj' in Gujarati in ten days (November 13–22, 1909) aboard the ship SS Kildonan Castle while returning from London to South Africa.
Which multi-lingual weekly newspaper was founded in 1903 in South Africa by Mahatma Gandhi to advocate the civil rights of the Indian diaspora in Natal and Transvaal?
Verified Explanation
'Indian Opinion' was established in 1903 in Durban and later printed at Gandhi's Phoenix Settlement in four languages (English, Gujarati, Hindi, and Tamil), serving as the mouthpiece for Satyagraha campaigns in South Africa.
Which weekly newspaper was founded in February 1933 by Mahatma Gandhi from Yerwada Central Jail to spearhead his nationwide campaign against untouchability?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi launched 'Harijan' (along with 'Harijan Bandhu' in Gujarati and 'Harijan Sevak' in Hindi) in February 1933 while in Yerwada Jail, dedicating it to anti-untouchability work and Harijan Sevak Sangh activities.
Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography, 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth', was originally written in Gujarati and translated into English by which close personal associate and secretary?
Verified Explanation
Mahadev Desai, Mahatma Gandhi's personal secretary for 25 years, translated Gandhi's autobiography from Gujarati into English as it was published serially in 'Navajivan'.
Which 1909 political treatise, written in Gujarati in dialogue form between a 'Reader' and an 'Editor' on board the ship SS Kildonan Castle, contains Mahatma Gandhi's critique of modern Western civilization?
Verified Explanation
Gandhi wrote 'Hind Swaraj' in 1909 during his return voyage from London to South Africa, formulating his philosophy of Swaraj, passive resistance, and industrial critique.
23ID: GK-PUBS-00484
easyWings of Fire, Discovery of India & Famous Biographies
Who authored the acclaimed 2007 non-fiction masterwork 'India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy'?
Verified Explanation
'India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy' (2007) is a seminal historical work written by historian and biographer Ramachandra Guha, chronicling India's post-1947 political and social evolution.
Who translated Mahatma Gandhi's seminal autobiography 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth' from its original Gujarati manuscript into English?
Verified Explanation
Mahadev Desai, Mahatma Gandhi's personal secretary and close associate, translated Gandhi's autobiography 'Satya Na Prayogo' from Gujarati into English, published in weekly installments in 'Young India'.
Which 1928 work by Mahatma Gandhi provides an authentic firsthand history of the pioneering civil disobedience campaigns conducted in the Transvaal and Natal?
Verified Explanation
'Satyagraha in South Africa' (Dakshin Africa na Satyagraha no Itihas) was written by Mahatma Gandhi while imprisoned in Yerwada Central Jail in 1923–24, recording the genesis and philosophical evolution of Satyagraha.