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General Knowledge Cluster29 Verified Questions
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) & Khilafat Movement Alliance GK Questions & Answers
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922), launched under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, marked the transition of the Indian national struggle into a mass anti-colonial movement. Sparked by nationwide outrage over the Rowlatt Act (1919), the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13, 1919), and the Hunter Committee whitewash, Gandhi forged an unprecedented joint platform with the Khilafat Movement, led by the Ali brothers (Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Hasrat Mohani to protect the Ottoman Caliphate. The special session of the Indian National Congress at Calcutta in September 1920 and the regular session at Nagpur in December 1920 endorsed Gandhi's program of non-violent non-cooperation. Nationalist strategy involved surrendering titles and honors (such as Gandhi renouncing the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal), boycotting government courts, schools, colleges, legislative elections, and foreign textiles, alongside promoting Khadi and charkhas. The Tilak Swaraj Fund collected over one crore rupees to support nationalist institutions. However, following violent clashes at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district on February 4, 1922, where 22 police personnel were killed, Gandhi unilaterally suspended the agitation through the Congress Working Committee’s Bardoli Resolution on February 12, 1922.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
Gandhi allied with the Khilafat Committee in 1920, uniting Hindus and Muslims against colonial governance and the dismemberment of Turkey.
The 1920 Nagpur Congress session formalized the Non-Cooperation program and restructured Congress committees into mass organizations.
The movement featured widespread surrender of British titles, boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, and promotion of Khadi.
The Tilak Swaraj Fund was established to finance national reconstruction, rapidly amassing over one crore rupees in public donations.
Gandhi called off the movement on February 12, 1922, through the Bardoli Resolution after the violent Chauri Chaura police station incident.
Showing 25 Curated Questions29 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-HIST-00826
easyIndian Freedom Struggle & National Movement
Following which violent incident in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh did Mahatma Gandhi immediately suspend the nationwide Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?
Verified Explanation
On 4 February 1922, a clash at Chauri Chaura escalated when an enraged crowd set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen. Emphasizing that non-violence had been compromised, Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement through the Congress Working Committee resolution at Bardoli on 12 February 1922.
2ID: GK-MDIA-00270
hardHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which English-language daily newspaper was founded in Madras in 1922 by the prominent freedom fighter Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu ('Andhra Kesari') to propagate the Non-Cooperation Movement in South India?
Verified Explanation
Tanguturi Prakasam founded 'Swarajya' in Madras in 1922, sacrificing his lucrative legal practice and personal fortune to maintain an uncompromising nationalist daily that nurtured prominent journalists like K. Rama Rao and G.V. Krupanidhi.
3ID: GK-HIST-00444
mediumFreedom Struggle & National Movement
Who founded the Swaraj Party within the Indian National Congress in January 1923 following the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Verified Explanation
Chittaranjan Das (as President) and Motilal Nehru (as Secretary) founded the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party in January 1923 to enter legislative councils and obstruct British policy from within.
4ID: GK-HIST-01028
mediumIndian Freedom Struggle & National Movement
Who was elected President of the All-India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi in November 1919, where the call for boycotting British goods was first adopted?
Verified Explanation
In November 1919, the All-India Khilafat Conference met in Delhi and elected Mahatma Gandhi as its President. Gandhi recognized the Khilafat cause (defending the Ottoman Caliphate) as an unprecedented platform to cement Hindu-Muslim unity and recommended adopting non-cooperation and non-violent boycott against British rule, which was later ratified by the Indian National Congress.
Which courageous tribal woman freedom fighter from Sikkim and Kurseong—who was given the pseudonym 'Sabitri Devi' by Mahatma Gandhi—played a pivotal role during the Non-Cooperation Movement and assisted Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose?
Verified Explanation
Helen Lepcha (1902–1998) was an exceptional Adivasi freedom fighter of the Lepcha community born in Kurseong (near Sikkim/Darjeeling). Inspired by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, she joined the Non-Cooperation Movement and was named 'Sabitri Devi' by Mahatma Gandhi. In 1939–40, she actively aided Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose while he was under house arrest in Giddhapahar.
6ID: GK-PUBS-00229
easyHicky's Bengal Gazette, The Hindu & Historic Presses
'Aaj' (Today), a legendary nationalist Hindi daily newspaper launched on 5 September 1920 to support the Non-Cooperation Movement, was established in Varanasi by philanthropist Shiv Prasad Gupta and edited for decades by which stalwart journalist?
Verified Explanation
'Aaj' was founded in Varanasi by Shiv Prasad Gupta and edited by Baburao Vishnu Paradkar (hailed as the Bhishma Pitamah of Hindi journalism), standardizing modern Hindi editorial prose.
Which nationalist newspaper, founded by Motilal Nehru in 1919 in Allahabad, was launched to voice the perspective of the moderate-turned-non-cooperation wing of the Congress?
Verified Explanation
'The Independent' was a daily newspaper started in Allahabad by Motilal Nehru on 5 February 1919, with Bipin Chandra Pal and Syed Abdullah Brelvi among its prominent early editors.
'The Indian Struggle, 1920–1942', analyzing the evolving phases of the Indian independence movement from Non-Cooperation to Quit India, was authored by which leader?
Verified Explanation
'The Indian Struggle' (published in two parts, 1935 and 1942) is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's definitive historical and political analysis of India's freedom struggle.
9ID: GK-MDIA-00082
mediumHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which renowned Malayalam daily newspaper was established in Kozhikode in March 1923 by K.P. Kesava Menon and other freedom fighters to champion the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Verified Explanation
'Mathrubhumi' was founded on 17 March 1923 at Kozhikode (Calicut) under the managing editorship of K.P. Kesava Menon. The publication became the premier nationalist voice in Kerala, playing an instrumental role in mobilizing public support during the Vaikom and Guruvayur Satyagrahas.
10ID: GK-MDIA-00387
mediumHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which prominent Hindi daily newspaper was founded in Varanasi on September 5, 1920, by philanthropist Shiv Prasad Gupta and edited by Babu Rao Vishnu Paradkar to support the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Verified Explanation
Aaj was founded on September 5, 1920, in Varanasi by Shiv Prasad Gupta. Under the visionary editorship of Babu Rao Vishnu Paradkar, it played a pivotal role in popularizing standardized Hindi journalistic prose during the freedom struggle.
11ID: GK-WHIST-00915
easyWorld War I & The Interwar Era (1914–1939)
Which Russian revolutionary leader returned from exile in April 1917 and published the 'April Theses', advocating 'Peace, Land, and Bread' and non-cooperation with the Provisional Government?
Verified Explanation
Vladimir Lenin returned to Petrograd from Swiss exile in April 1917 aboard a sealed train provided by Germany. He issued the April Theses, urging the Bolshevik party to reject support for the Provisional Government, demand an immediate end to World War I, and transfer state power to the Soviets.
12ID: GK-HIST-00565
mediumFreedom Struggle & National Movement
The Swaraj Party within the Indian national movement was founded in January 1923 by Chittaranjan Das and:
Verified Explanation
Following the withdrawal of Non-Cooperation, C.R. Das (President) and Motilal Nehru (Secretary) formed the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party to enter legislative councils.
13ID: GK-HIST-00827
easyIndian Freedom Struggle & National Movement
Who founded the Swaraj Party within the Indian National Congress in January 1923 to enter legislative councils and contest colonial governance from within?
Verified Explanation
Following the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement, leaders split into 'No-Changers' (led by Rajagopalachari and Patel) and 'Pro-Changers' (led by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru). In January 1923, Das (President) and Nehru (Secretary) formed the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party to enter legislatures and obstruct bureaucratic policies.
Which revolutionary monthly journal was founded in London in January 1905 by nationalist scholar Shyamji Krishna Varma from the India House headquarters?
Verified Explanation
'The Indian Sociologist' was an anti-colonial monthly journal edited in London (and later Paris and Geneva) by Shyamji Krishna Varma from 1905 to 1914, advocating complete Indian self-rule and non-cooperation.
15ID: GK-PERS-00051
easyIndian Leaders Reformers
Who is celebrated as the "Father of the Nation" in India for leading the non-violent freedom struggle through Satyagraha and Ahimsa?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha, Non-Cooperation Movement, Dandi Salt March, and Quit India Movement, inspiring global civil rights movements.
16ID: GK-MDIA-00012
easyHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which weekly journal in English was founded and edited by Mahatma Gandhi starting in 1919 to propagate his ideals of Satyagraha and non-violence?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi edited the English weekly journal 'Young India' from 1919 to 1931. He utilized the publication to articulate his philosophy of non-violent non-cooperation, satyagraha, and economic self-reliance, alongside its Gujarati edition 'Navajivan'.
17ID: GK-MDIA-00196
easyHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which influential Urdu daily newspaper was founded by Lala Lajpat Rai in Lahore in 1920 to mobilize the masses in Punjab for the nationalist cause?
Verified Explanation
Lala Lajpat Rai established the Urdu daily 'Bande Mataram' in Lahore in 1920 to articulate nationalist ideals and support the Non-Cooperation Movement in Punjab. He also founded the English weekly 'The People' in 1925 to reach a wider national audience.
18ID: GK-MDIA-00204
mediumHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which daily newspaper was launched from Allahabad in February 1919 by Pandit Motilal Nehru to provide an uncompromising organ for aggressive nationalist politics?
Verified Explanation
Pandit Motilal Nehru founded 'The Independent' on February 9, 1919, after ideological differences with the moderate editorial policy of 'The Leader'. Edited by Bipin Chandra Pal and later Syed Abdullah Brelvi, the paper took a radical stance in support of the Non-Cooperation Movement before closing under severe colonial fines.
19ID: GK-MDIA-00261
mediumHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which historic Telugu weekly, established in Machilipatnam in 1902 and edited for over three decades by Mutnuri Krishna Rao, became the ideological citadel of the Swadeshi Movement in Andhra?
Verified Explanation
'Krishna Patrika' was founded in 1902 in Bandar (Machilipatnam) by Konda Venkatappaiah and edited from 1907 by Mutnuri Krishna Rao, whose profound editorials inspired generations of Telugu youth to participate in the Vandemataram and Non-Cooperation Movements.
20ID: GK-MDIA-00317
easyHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which leading Malayalam daily newspaper was established in Kozhikode in March 1923 by K. P. Kesava Menon and other Congress leaders to mobilize mass support for the nationalist freedom movement in Malabar?
Verified Explanation
Mathrubhumi was founded on March 18, 1923, in Kozhikode (Calicut) by K. P. Kesava Menon, K. Madhavan Nair, and P. Ramunni Menon to support Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement and propagate nationalist ideals across Kerala.
21ID: GK-MDIA-00386
mediumHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which daily English newspaper was founded in Allahabad on February 9, 1919, by Motilal Nehru to counter the moderate editorial line of 'The Leader'?
Verified Explanation
The Independent was founded by Pandit Motilal Nehru in 1919 in Allahabad, edited initially by Bipin Chandra Pal and later by George Joseph, to provide an uncompromising nationalist voice during the Rowlatt Satyagraha and Non-Cooperation movement.
22ID: GK-MDIA-00442
mediumHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which leading English-language newspaper was founded in Patna in 1918 by Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha and other nationalist leaders, serving as the frontline voice of the Indian National Congress and freedom struggle in Bihar?
Verified Explanation
The Searchlight was established in 1918 in Patna with the patronage of Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha and Syed Hasan Imam, edited by stalwarts like C. S. R. Rao and Murli Manohar Prasad. It suffered multiple British security forfeitures for its unyielding coverage of Champaran, Non-Cooperation, and Quit India movements.
23ID: GK-MDIA-00445
hardHistory of Indian Press & Nationalist Journalism
Which daily English newspaper was founded in Allahabad in February 1919 by Pandit Motilal Nehru to counter the moderate editorial line of Madan Mohan Malaviya's 'The Leader' and forcefully propagate Gandhian nationalist policy?
Verified Explanation
The Independent was launched by Motilal Nehru on February 9, 1919, in Allahabad, with Bipin Chandra Pal and later Syed Abdullah Brelvi and George Joseph as editors. It took an aggressive nationalist stance during the Non-Cooperation movement before shutting down in 1923 under severe government repression.
24ID: GK-MDIA-00555
easyHistory of the Indian Press in Freedom Struggle
Which English weekly journal did Mahatma Gandhi assume editorship of in 1919 to propagate satyagraha and nonviolent resistance across India?
Verified Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi took over 'Young India' in 1919 (alongside the Gujarati journal 'Navajivan') to outline his philosophies of nonviolent non-cooperation, swaraj, and constructive socio-economic programs.
The Tana Bhagat Movement, which began in 1914 in Chota Nagpur among the Oraon tribe combining spiritual purification with non-violent civil disobedience against British taxes, was founded by which tribal reformer?
Verified Explanation
The Tana Bhagat movement was initiated in April 1914 by Jatra Oraon (Jatra Bhagat) in Gumla, Jharkhand. The movement advocated monotheism, giving up meat and liquor, non-violence (Ahimsa), and refusal to perform forced labour (begar) or pay land revenue to the British, later actively participating in Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement.