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Science & Technology Cluster61 Verified Questions
ISRO Launch Vehicles GK Questions & Answers
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) developed an indigenous launch vehicle architecture spanning four technological generations launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) in Sriharikota. Originating with the experimental solid-fuel SLV-3 under Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam in 1980 and the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), ISRO achieved orbital reliability with the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Operational since 1993, the four-stage PSLV alternates between solid propellant (HTPB in stages 1 and 3) and liquid propellant (indigenous Vikas engine utilizing UDMH and N2O4 in stage 2; monomethylhydrazine in stage 4), executing hallmark missions including Chandrayaan-1 (PSLV-C11), Mars Orbiter Mission (PSLV-C25), and a record 104 satellites on PSLV-C37. Heavy geostationary payload delivery evolved through the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV Mk II), powered by the indigenous cryogenic upper stage CE-7.5 utilizing liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. ISRO's most powerful active heavy-lift vehicle, Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3 / GSLV Mk III), features two solid S200 strap-on boosters, an L110 twin-Vikas liquid core, and the high-thrust CE-20 cryogenic upper stage, delivering Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, and designated for the crewed Gaganyaan mission. ISRO recently introduced the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) for on-demand low Earth orbit deployment.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
PSLV is a 4-stage launch vehicle alternating between solid (stages 1 & 3) and liquid (stages 2 & 4) propellants, powering Chandrayaan-1 and Mangalyaan.
GSLV Mk II incorporates an indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage (CE-7.5) burning liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) for geostationary launches.
LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark 3) is ISRO's heavy-lift launcher capable of carrying 4,000 kg to GTO and 8,000 kg to LEO, powered by two S200 solid boosters and a CE-20 cryogenic engine.
LVM3 successfully launched India's Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 lunar missions and is selected for India's human spaceflight program Gaganyaan.
The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a three-stage solid rocket with a liquid Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) designed for rapid, low-cost commercial launches.
Showing 25 Curated Questions61 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-SPCE-00578
hardISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
In ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), what solid propellant formulation is standardly used in the massive core stage (PS1)?
Verified Explanation
The first stage (PS1) of PSLV is one of the largest solid rocket motors in the world, loaded with 138 tonnes of HTPB-based solid composite propellant producing 4800 kN thrust.
2ID: GK-SPCE-00108
mediumIsro Missions
ISRO set a world record on 15 February 2017 aboard PSLV-C37 by launching how many satellites into orbit in a single mission?
Verified Explanation
PSLV-C37 successfully deployed 104 satellites into a sun-synchronous orbit, demonstrating ISRO's high-precision multi-payload orbital injection capabilities.
3ID: GK-SPCE-00190
mediumISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
In February 2017, ISRO's PSLV-C37 created a historic global space record by successfully deploying how many satellites into orbit in a single launch?
Verified Explanation
On February 15, 2017, PSLV-C37 launched from Sriharikota placing 104 satellites (Cartosat-2D, 2 Indian nanosatellites, and 101 foreign commercial satellites) into Sun-synchronous orbit.
4ID: GK-SPCE-00458
hardISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
What configuration of solid rocket strap-on boosters distinguishes the PSLV-XL variant from the standard core-alone PSLV (PSLV-CA)?
Verified Explanation
PSLV-XL uses six extended ground- and air-lit solid strap-on boosters (PSOM-XL, each loaded with 12.2 tonnes of HTPB solid propellant) for extra payload lifting capacity.
5ID: GK-SPCE-00043
hardISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
The 'Vikas Engine' powering the second stage of PSLV and strap-ons of GSLV is based on technology transferred from which European rocket engine?
Verified Explanation
Developed by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) under Nambi Narayanan, Vikas burns UDMH and N2O4.
6ID: GK-SPCE-00078
easyIsro Missions
Where is India's primary spaceport, the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) from which ISRO launches PSLV, GSLV, and LVM3 rockets, located?
Verified Explanation
Sriharikota is a barrier island on the Bay of Bengal coastline, chosen for its proximity to the equator and east-facing ocean safety azimuth.
7ID: GK-SPCE-00095
mediumIsro Missions
The "Chandrayaan-1" lunar mission, launched by ISRO in October 2008 aboard PSLV-C11, achieved which monumental global scientific discovery?
Verified Explanation
Chandrayaan-1's Moon Impact Probe (MIP) and NASA's M3 instrument confirmed water molecules embedded in lunar regolith minerals.
8ID: GK-SPCE-00107
mediumIsro Missions
The "Astrosat" mission, launched by ISRO in September 2015 aboard PSLV-C30, holds what distinction in Indian space science?
Verified Explanation
Astrosat operates five payloads (including UVIT, LAXPC, CZTI, SXT, and SSM), studying black hole binaries, neutron stars, and star-forming galaxies.
9ID: GK-SPCE-00135
hardIsro Missions
The "XPoSat" (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite), launched by ISRO on 1 January 2024 aboard PSLV-C58, made India only the second nation in the world (after NASA's IXPE) to operate what?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat carries two scientific payloads developed by Raman Research Institute and ISRO: POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays) and XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing).
10ID: GK-SPCE-00166
easySpace Telescopes & Observatories
What is the name of India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space astronomy observatory, launched by ISRO aboard PSLV-C30 in September 2015?
Verified Explanation
AstroSat is India's multi-wavelength space telescope observing the universe simultaneously across optical, near UV, far UV, and X-ray bands.
11ID: GK-SPCE-00398
hardISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
Which Indian dedicated astronomy mission, launched on January 1, 2024 (PSLV-C58), is the world's second satellite after NASA's IXPE designed for cosmic X-ray polarimetry?
Verified Explanation
ISRO's XPoSat carries the POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays, 8-30 keV) developed by Raman Research Institute and XSPECT to measure degree and angle of polarization from magnetars, black hole binaries, and pulsars.
12ID: GK-SPCE-00442
mediumSpace Telescopes & Observatories
What is the name of India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space astronomy observatory, launched by PSLV-C30 into a 650 km orbit in 2015?
Verified Explanation
AstroSat is India's premier multi-wavelength space astronomy observatory, observing the universe simultaneously across ultraviolet, optical, and low/high energy X-ray bands.
13ID: GK-SPCE-00486
easySpace Telescopes & Observatories
Which Indian dedicated multi-wavelength space astronomy observatory was launched by ISRO aboard PSLV-C30 in September 2015?
Verified Explanation
AstroSat is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory, launched on September 28, 2015, observing celestial sources across optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray bands simultaneously.
14ID: GK-SPCE-00572
hardISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
Launched on January 1, 2024, by ISRO aboard PSLV-C58, what is the scientific mission of the XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite)?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat is India's first dedicated polarimetry mission (and world's second after NASA's IXPE) carrying POLIX and XSPECT payloads to measure cosmic X-ray polarization from extreme astrophysical sources.
15ID: GK-SPCE-00624
mediumISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
India's first multi-wavelength dedicated space observatory satellite, launched by ISRO aboard PSLV-C30 in September 2015, is:
Verified Explanation
AstroSat is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope, capable of simultaneous observation in optical, near-UV, far-UV, and multiple X-ray bands.
16ID: GK-SPCE-00632
hardISRO Missions & Launch Vehicles
In ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), what hypergolic liquid propellant combination is used in the second stage (PS2) powered by the Vikas engine?
Verified Explanation
The PS2 liquid stage uses UH25 (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine blended with hydrazine hydrate) as fuel and Dinitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4 / MON-3) as oxidizer to power the Vikas engine.
17ID: GK-GSPC-00155
easyMars Exploration & Deep Space Probes
Launched on 5 November 2013 by a PSLV-XL rocket, what was India's historic maiden interplanetary mission that successfully entered Martian orbit on its very first attempt in September 2014?
Verified Explanation
India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, was launched by ISRO aboard PSLV-C25 on 5 November 2013 and successfully entered Martian orbit on 24 September 2014. India became the first nation in the world to reach Mars orbit on its maiden attempt and the first Asian country to reach Mars.
18ID: GK-CURR-00027
mediumScience, Tech, Space & Defence Events
What is India's first dedicated polarimetry space mission, launched on 1 January 2024 by PSLV-C58 to study cosmic X-ray sources?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat makes India only the second country (after NASA's IXPE) to operate a dedicated space-based X-ray polarimetry observatory.
19ID: GK-CURR-00190
mediumScience Tech Recent
On January 1, 2024, ISRO launched XPoSat aboard PSLV-C58. What does XPoSat specialize in studying?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) is India's first dedicated polarimetry mission to study the dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions.
20ID: GK-CURR-00237
mediumScience Tech Recent
In January 2024, ISRO successfully launched 'XPoSat' aboard PSLV-C58, making India the second nation after NASA to launch a dedicated satellite for what scientific purpose?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) carries two payloads (POLIX and XSPECT) to study celestial X-ray sources in the 8-30 keV energy band.
21ID: GK-CURR-00320
easyScience Tech Recent
On January 1, 2024, ISRO launched which dedicated space observatory on PSLV-C58 to study astronomical X-ray polarization from black holes and neutron stars?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat carried POLIX and XSPECT payloads, making India only the second nation after the USA (NASA's IXPE) to deploy a dedicated orbital X-ray polarimeter.
22ID: GK-CURR-00424
easyScience Tech Recent
Which satellite launched by ISRO on 1 January 2024 aboard PSLV-C58 made India the second country in the world to operate a dedicated space-based X-ray polarimetry observatory?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat carries POLIX and XSPECT payloads to study polarization of celestial X-ray sources, making India the second nation after NASA (IXPE) to have a dedicated polarimetry observatory.
23ID: GK-CURR-00533
easyScience Tech Recent
Which is India's first dedicated solar observatory space mission, successfully launched by ISRO in September 2023 aboard PSLV-C57 and placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point?
Verified Explanation
Aditya-L1 carries seven scientific payloads (including VELC and SUIT) to study coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and space weather from the L1 Lagrange point.
24ID: GK-CURR-00540
easyScience Tech Recent
Which dedicated scientific satellite was launched by ISRO on 1 January 2024 aboard PSLV-C58 to study the polarization of cosmic X-rays from astronomical sources like black holes and neutron stars?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat made India only the second country after the US (NASA's IXPE) to operate a dedicated space observatory studying X-ray polarimetry in medium energy bands.
25ID: GK-CURR-00611
mediumScience Tech Recent
On January 1, 2024, ISRO successfully launched which dedicated mission aboard PSLV-C58 to study the polarization of intense astronomical X-ray sources?
Verified Explanation
XPoSat is India's first dedicated polarimetry mission and only the world's second after NASA's IXPE, carrying POLIX and XSPECT payloads.
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