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General Knowledge Cluster1,000 Verified Questions
National Health Mission (NRHM/NUHM), Primary Health Care & AB-HWC GK Questions & Answers
The National Health Mission (NHM), initiated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, integrates the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM, launched in 2005) and the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM, approved in 2013) to achieve universal health coverage. The architecture organizes public health delivery across a tiered infrastructure: Sub-Health Centres (SHCs) serving 3,000 to 5,000 citizens, Primary Health Centres (PHCs) covering 20,000 to 30,000 citizens, and Community Health Centres (CHCs) acting as 30-bed secondary referral units for 80,000 to 120,000 people. Community mobilization relies upon Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), honorary female health activists selected at a ratio of one per 1,000 rural residents, working alongside Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs). Interventions include Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), providing conditional cash transfers under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) frameworks to incentivize institutional deliveries, and Mission Indradhanush, targeting full immunization against twelve vaccine-preventable diseases. Under the Ayushman Bharat scheme, existing SHCs and PHCs are upgraded into Ayushman Arogya Mandir (Health and Wellness Centres) to deliver comprehensive primary healthcare and essential diagnostics.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
The National Health Mission comprises NRHM (launched in April 2005) and NUHM (launched in 2013) to deliver accessible, affordable public healthcare.
The public healthcare pyramid establishes Sub-Centres (3,000-5,000 population), PHCs (20,000-30,000), and CHCs (80,000-120,000 referral facilities).
ASHA workers act as community health educators and interface links, designated at an approximate ratio of one activist per 1,000 rural population.
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) promotes institutional deliveries through direct conditional cash assistance to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
Under Ayushman Bharat, over 150,000 primary facilities have been upgraded to Ayushman Arogya Mandir (Health and Wellness Centres) for comprehensive care.
Showing 25 Curated Questions1,000 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-HLTH-00013
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What does the acronym 'ASHA' stand for in India's National Health Mission (NHM)?
Verified Explanation
ASHA stands for Accredited Social Health Activist. ASHAs are trained female community health activists selected from the village itself to act as an interface between the community and the public health system.
2ID: GK-HLTH-00019
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What specific target for reducing the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was established in the National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 to be achieved by 2020?
Verified Explanation
The National Health Policy 2017 set the target of reducing the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) from 167 (in 2011–13) to below 100 per 100,000 live births by 2020. According to Sample Registration System (SRS) data, India successfully achieved an MMR of 97 in 2018–20.
3ID: GK-HLTH-00020
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What is the primary operational objective of the 'PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission' (PM-ABHIM) launched in October 2021?
Verified Explanation
PM-ABHIM is one of the largest pan-India health infrastructure schemes (with an outlay of over ₹64,000 crore) aimed at filling critical gaps in public health facilities, establishing integrated public health labs, and setting up critical care hospital blocks in all 730+ districts.
4ID: GK-HLTH-00024
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
According to the National Health Policy 2017, what target for Life Expectancy at birth was set for India to attain by 2025?
Verified Explanation
The National Health Policy 2017 set the target of increasing Life Expectancy at birth from 67.5 years to 70.0 years by the year 2025, alongside reducing premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases by 25%.
5ID: GK-HLTH-00026
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
In the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) architecture, what is the role of the 'Unified Health Interface' (UHI)?
Verified Explanation
The Unified Health Interface (UHI) is an open network of digital protocols (analogous to UPI in payments) developed under ABDM. It allows patients to discover healthcare providers, book appointments, and engage in teleconsultations across different consumer apps and service providers.
6ID: GK-HLTH-00027
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
The landmark Bhore Committee (Health Survey and Development Committee, 1946) is historic in Indian public health planning for laying down which fundamental structural recommendation?
Verified Explanation
Chaired by Sir Joseph Bhore in 1946, the Bhore Committee established the blueprint for India's public health system. It emphasized that healthcare should be accessible to all regardless of ability to pay, integrated preventive and curative medicine, and conceived the Primary Health Centre (PHC) model.
7ID: GK-HLTH-00030
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Who chaired the landmark High Level Expert Group (HLEG) on Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for India constituted by the Planning Commission in 2010?
Verified Explanation
The High Level Expert Group (HLEG) on Universal Health Coverage was constituted by the Planning Commission under the chairmanship of Prof. K. Srinath Reddy (President of PHFI). Its November 2011 report recommended increasing public health expenditure to at least 2.5% of GDP and establishing universal health entitlement.
8ID: GK-HLTH-00072
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Which flagship health scheme launched under the National Health Mission ensures zero out-of-pocket expenditure for pregnant women delivering in public health institutions, including free C-sections, drugs, diagnostics, and transport?
Verified Explanation
Launched in June 2011, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to completely free and zero-expense delivery (including Caesarean section), free drugs, diagnostics, blood, diet, and free transport from home to hospital and back.
9ID: GK-HLTH-00074
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Which national initiative was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to achieve zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths through assured, dignified, and quality care under a service guarantee mode?
Verified Explanation
Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) was launched in October 2019 to provide assured, dignified, respectful, and quality healthcare at no cost to every pregnant woman and newborn visiting public health facilities, with zero tolerance for denial of services.
10ID: GK-HLTH-00076
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), children from birth to 18 years are screened by dedicated Mobile Health Teams for early detection of health conditions categorized under which framework?
Verified Explanation
RBSK child health screening focuses on the '4Ds': Defects at birth (e.g. neural tube defects, cleft lip), Deficiencies (e.g. anaemia, vitamin A/D deficiency), Childhood Diseases (e.g. skin conditions, rheumatic heart disease), and Development delays including disability.
11ID: GK-HLTH-00077
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What is the designated designation of the clinical lead who heads primary healthcare delivery at an Ayushman Arogya Mandir (Health and Wellness Centre)?
Verified Explanation
Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (upgraded Sub-Centres) are led by a Community Health Officer (CHO)—a BSc Nursing graduate or Ayurvedic practitioner trained in Certificate Programme in Community Health (CPCH)—supported by ANMs and ASHAs to provide Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC).
12ID: GK-HLTH-00079
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What target for reducing the Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) by 2025 was codified in India's National Health Policy (NHP) 2017?
Verified Explanation
The National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 established explicit demographic and mortality targets: reducing the Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) to 23 per 1,000 live births by 2025, and reducing the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 28 by 2019.
13ID: GK-HLTH-00080
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Under the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) for adolescent health, who are 'Saathiyas'?
Verified Explanation
Under RKSK (focusing on adolescents aged 10–19 years), Saathiyas are trained Peer Educators (two males and two females per village/AWC) who act as catalysts to discuss nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and substance abuse with their peers.
14ID: GK-HLTH-00082
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What is the standard population norm recommended by the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) for establishing a 30-bed Community Health Centre (CHC) in plain areas?
Verified Explanation
According to the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), a Community Health Centre (CHC) is established to serve a population of 1,20,000 in plain areas and 80,000 in hilly/tribal/desert areas, functioning as a primary referral unit with four core medical specialists.
15ID: GK-HLTH-00085
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
According to the National Health Policy 2017, what proportion of total government healthcare spending did the policy recommend State Governments allocate towards Primary Healthcare?
Verified Explanation
The National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 recommended that State governments allocate at least two-thirds (around two-thirds, or ~67%) of their total health expenditure to primary healthcare, ensuring universal access to comprehensive preventive and promotive care.
16ID: GK-HLTH-00086
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
The National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare evaluate public healthcare facilities across how many standardized 'Areas of Concern'?
Verified Explanation
NQAS criteria assess health facilities across 8 Areas of Concern: A. Service Provision, B. Patient Rights, C. Inputs, D. Support Services, E. Clinical Care, F. Infection Control, G. Quality Management, and H. Outcome indicators.
17ID: GK-HLTH-00089
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), what is the function of the Health Facility Registry (HFR)?
Verified Explanation
The Health Facility Registry (HFR) is a core digital building block under ABDM that assigns a unique digital ID to every healthcare facility (clinics, diagnostic labs, pharmacies, hospitals) in India, enabling their integration into the unified digital healthcare ecosystem.
18ID: GK-HLTH-00131
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
According to the National Health Policy 2017, what specific target was set for reducing the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India by the year 2019?
Verified Explanation
The National Health Policy 2017 set the target of reducing India's Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 28 per 1,000 live births by 2019, alongside reducing the Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) to 16 and stillbirth rate to 'single digit' by 2025.
19ID: GK-HLTH-00132
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
What conditional cash assistance is provided under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) to an eligible rural pregnant woman giving birth in a public health facility in Low Performing States (LPS)?
Verified Explanation
Under the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), an eligible pregnant woman in rural areas of Low Performing States (LPS) receives ₹1,400 as conditional financial assistance upon giving birth in an institutional public health facility, plus an ASHA incentive package.
20ID: GK-HLTH-00133
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), what is the unique user-selected handle (similar to an email ID) used to share and link electronic health records called?
Verified Explanation
An ABHA Address (Personal Health Record / PHR address) is a unique self-created identifier (such as name@abdm) that allows citizens to securely link, view, and share their digital health records with doctors and hospitals under ABDM.
21ID: GK-HLTH-00134
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
According to the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), what population benchmark is mandated to be served by a rural Health Sub-Centre in plain geographical areas?
Verified Explanation
Under Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) norms, a rural Sub-Centre is established for every 5,000 population in general plain areas and for every 3,000 population in hilly, tribal, and desert areas.
22ID: GK-HLTH-00137
easyAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Which landmark committee appointed in 1973 by the Government of India recommended the introduction of 'Multi-Purpose Health Workers' (MPHW) in rural healthcare?
Verified Explanation
The Kartar Singh Committee (Committee on Multipurpose Workers under Health and Family Planning, 1973) recommended replacing unipurpose vertical disease control workers with integrated 'Multi-Purpose Health Workers' (male and female) at the sub-centre level.
23ID: GK-HLTH-00139
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
According to official National Health Accounts (NHA) estimates for India, what major long-term trend has been observed in Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) as a share of Total Health Expenditure (THE)?
Verified Explanation
National Health Accounts (NHA) reports show that Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) as a percentage of Total Health Expenditure declined significantly from 64.2% in 2013–14 to 39.4% in 2021–22, driven by higher government health financing and social protection schemes.
24ID: GK-HLTH-00140
mediumAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Which landmark committee constituted in 1974 (Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower) recommended the creation of 'Community Health Volunteers' (Village Health Guides) from within the local community?
Verified Explanation
The Srivastava Committee (1975) emphasized community involvement in basic health by proposing the training of local 'Community Health Workers' or Village Health Guides, creating a paraprofessional link between villagers and primary health centres.
25ID: GK-HLTH-00145
hardAyushman Bharat, NHM & National Health Policy
Which committee appointed in 1964 by the Government of India specifically formulated principles for the 'Integration of Health Services' and elimination of private practice by government doctors?
Verified Explanation
The Jungalwalla Committee (1967) laid down foundational principles for integrated health services: unified cadre of health administrators, common seniority, recognition of extra qualifications, equal pay for equal work, and the total prohibition of private practice for medical officers.
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