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National & State Human Rights Commissions Questions & Answers
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory autonomous institution established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA) 1993, in conformity with the Paris Principles endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993. The PHRA was amended substantively through the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act 2006 and the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act 2019. Following the 2019 amendments, the NHRC Chairperson can be either a former Chief Justice of India or an erstwhile Judge of the Supreme Court. The Chairperson and members are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a six-member selection committee comprising the Prime Minister as head, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the Union Minister of Home Affairs, and the Leaders of the Opposition in both Houses of Parliament. Under Section 12 of the PHRA, the NHRC investigates human rights violations suo motu or upon petition, inspects prisons, reviews constitutional safeguards, and intervenes in court proceedings involving human rights claims. The commission exercises civil court powers under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established as a statutory body on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993.
The establishment of NHRC complies with the Paris Principles adopted at the United Nations first international workshop on human rights in 1991.
Justice Ranganath Misra, a former Chief Justice of India, served as the inaugural Chairperson of the NHRC from 1993 to 1996.
Under the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act 2019, either a former Chief Justice of India or a former Supreme Court Judge qualifies as Chairperson.
The Chairperson and members are appointed by the President following recommendations by a statutory six-member committee headed by the Prime Minister.
The selection committee includes the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Home Minister, Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, and Leaders of Opposition in both Houses.
The 2019 amendment reduced the tenure of the Chairperson and members from five years to three years, or until reaching the age of 70 years.
The 2019 amendment made the NHRC Chairperson and members eligible for reappointment for a second term subject to the age limit of 70 years.
Ex-officio members include chairpersons of NCST, NCSC, NCBC, NCW, National Commission for Minorities, NCPCR, and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.
Under Section 13 of the PHRA 1993, the NHRC possesses powers of a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908.
Section 36(2) bars the NHRC from inquiring into any matter after the expiry of one year from the date on which the alleged violation occurred.
The recommendations of the NHRC are advisory in nature; the central or state government must inform the commission of actions taken within one month.
While investigating human rights violations by members of the armed forces, NHRC cannot directly investigate and can only seek a report from the Central Government.
State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) are constituted under Section 21 of the PHRA 1993 to investigate human rights matters in State and Concurrent Lists.
Section 30 of the PHRA 1993 provides for the specification of a Court of Session in each district to serve as a Human Rights Court for speedy trials.
Human Rights Day is observed across the world annually on which date to mark the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948?
Verified Explanation
On 10 December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris, establishing fundamental freedoms for all human beings.
2ID: GK-DAYS-00599
easyHealth Human Rights Days
Human Rights Day is observed globally on December 10 to commemorate the adoption of which landmark document in 1948?
Verified Explanation
The UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on December 10, 1948, celebrated as Human Rights Day.
3ID: GK-DAYS-00058
easyHealth Human Rights Days
On which date is "Human Rights Day" celebrated worldwide, marking the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the UN General Assembly in 1948?
Verified Explanation
The UDHR was proclaimed in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of fundamental human rights to be universally protected for all peoples.
4ID: GK-DAYS-00183
easyHealth Human Rights Days
On which date is Human Rights Day celebrated worldwide to commemorate the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the UNGA in 1948?
Verified Explanation
Human Rights Day is observed on December 10, the anniversary of the 1948 adoption of the historic Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris.
5ID: GK-DAYS-00282
easyHealth Human Rights Days
Human Rights Day is observed by the international community on which date to mark the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948?
Verified Explanation
10 December commemorates the date in 1948 when the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris.
6ID: GK-DAYS-00304
easyHealth Human Rights Days
Human Rights Day is observed worldwide on December 10 to mark the adoption of which landmark document by the UN General Assembly in 1948?
Verified Explanation
The UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in Paris on December 10, 1948, establishing fundamental human rights.
7ID: GK-DAYS-00480
easyHealth Human Rights Days
Human Rights Day is celebrated around the world on December 10 to commemorate the adoption of which landmark document in 1948?
Verified Explanation
The UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in Paris on 10 December 1948.
8ID: GK-DAYS-00426
easyHealth Human Rights Days
Human Rights Day is observed across the globe on which date every year to commemorate the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948?
Verified Explanation
Human Rights Day is observed on 10 December, commemorating the day the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris in 1948.
9ID: GK-DAYS-00348
hardHealth Human Rights Days
The International Day in Support of Victims of Torture is observed annually on June 26 to mark the date in 1987 when which international human rights treaty entered into force?
Verified Explanation
The UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment entered into force on June 26, 1987 (UNGA resolution 52/149).
10ID: GK-POL-00123
mediumConstitutional Bodies
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a statutory body established in 1993 under which legislation?
Verified Explanation
The NHRC was constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
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