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Governance & Society Cluster52 Verified Questions
Ordinance Making Powers GK Questions & Answers
The Constitution of India vests extraordinary legislative power in the Executive to address urgent circumstances when legislatures are not in session. Under Article 123, the President can promulgate an ordinance if either House of Parliament is in recess and the President is satisfied that circumstances exist requiring immediate action. Similarly, Article 213 empowers State Governors to promulgate ordinances during the recess of State Legislative Assemblies. An ordinance possesses the same legal force and effect as an Act of Parliament or State Legislature but operates as temporary law. It must be laid before both Houses upon reassembly and ceases to operate six weeks after the reassembly of the legislature, or earlier if disapproved by resolutions from both Houses. The maximum constitutional lifespan of an ordinance without legislative approval is six months and six weeks. Judicial review over ordinance power has evolved through significant constitutional precedents. In R.K. Garg v. Union of India (1981), the Supreme Court affirmed that presidential satisfaction is justiciable. In D.C. Wadhwa v. State of Bihar (1987), the Court held that repeated re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative scrutiny constitutes a fraud on the Constitution. In Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar (2017), a seven-judge Constitution Bench held that re-promulgation is unconstitutional and mandatory tabling before the legislature is an indispensable requirement.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
Article 123 empowers the President and Article 213 empowers State Governors to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the respective legislative houses.
An ordinance has the same legal force as a regular statute enacted by Parliament or State Legislatures, but is strictly temporary in nature.
Every ordinance must be laid before the legislature upon reassembly and expires automatically 6 weeks from the date of reassembly unless approved earlier.
The maximum permissible lifespan of an ordinance without legislative sanction is 6 months and 6 weeks (accounting for the maximum 6-month gap between legislative sessions).
In Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar (2017), a 7-judge Constitution Bench ruled that re-promulgating ordinances without placing them before the legislature is unconstitutional.
Showing 25 Curated Questions52 Total in Bank
1ID: GK-POL-00528
hardUnion Executive & Parliament
Under Article 123 of the Constitution, what is the maximum duration for which an Ordinance promulgated by the President remains operative without parliamentary approval after Parliament reassembles?
Verified Explanation
Article 123(2)(a) mandates that an Ordinance promulgated by the President shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament unless approved earlier.
2ID: GK-POL-00557
mediumUnion Executive & Parliament
What is the maximum period within which an Ordinance promulgated by the President under Article 123 must be approved by Parliament after reassembling?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 123(2)(a), an Ordinance ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, unless disapproved earlier by resolutions.
3ID: GK-POL-00586
hardState Government & Executives
Under Article 213 of the Constitution, what is the maximum duration an Ordinance promulgated by a State Governor can remain in effect without approval of the State Legislature from the date of its reassembly?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 213(2)(a), an Ordinance promulgated by the Governor ceases to operate upon the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the State Legislature.
4ID: GK-POL-00269
easyState Government & Executives
An ordinance promulgated by a Governor under Article 213 must be approved by the State Legislature within what period of its reassembly?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 213(2)(a), an ordinance promulgated by the Governor ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the State Legislature.
5ID: GK-POL-00337
mediumUnion Executive & Parliament
What is the maximum period for which an Ordinance promulgated by the President under Article 123 remains valid after the reassembly of Parliament?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 123(2), an ordinance promulgated by the President ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament unless approved earlier.
6ID: GK-POL-00389
mediumState Government & Executives
An ordinance promulgated by a Governor under Article 213 of the Constitution must be approved by the State Legislature within how many weeks from its reassembly?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 213(2)(a), a Governor's ordinance ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the state legislature, unless disapproved earlier.
7ID: GK-POL-00448
mediumState Government & Executives
Under Article 213 of the Constitution, what is the maximum validity of an Ordinance promulgated by a Governor after the reassembly of the State Legislature?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 213(2)(a), an Ordinance promulgated by a Governor ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the State Legislature unless approved earlier.
8ID: GK-POL-00688
mediumUnion Executive & The Parliament of India
Under Article 123 of the Indian Constitution, an Ordinance promulgated by the President ceases to operate how long after the reassembly of Parliament if not approved?
Verified Explanation
Article 123(2)(a) provides that an Ordinance promulgated by the President shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament and shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, or earlier if disapproved by resolutions in both Houses.
9ID: GK-POL-00713
easyState Executive & State Legislature
Under Article 213, what is the maximum duration of an Ordinance promulgated by a Governor after the reassembly of the State Legislature?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 213(2)(a), an Ordinance promulgated by a Governor when the State Legislature is in recess ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the Legislature, or earlier if disapproved by the Assembly (and Council, if existing).
10ID: GK-POL-00793
hardUnion Executive & The Parliament of India
Under Article 123 of the Constitution, what is the maximum duration for which an Ordinance promulgated by the President can remain in operation without legislative approval after the reassembly of Parliament?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 123(2)(a), an Ordinance promulgated by the President shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, or earlier if disapproved by resolutions passed by both Houses.
11ID: GK-POL-00814
easyState Executive & State Legislature
Under Article 213 of the Constitution, what is the maximum duration for which an Ordinance promulgated by a Governor can remain in force without approval following the reassembly of the State Legislature?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 213(2)(a), an Ordinance promulgated by the Governor shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the State Legislature, or earlier if disapproved by resolution(s).
12ID: GK-POL-00883
easyUnion Executive & The Parliament of India
What is the maximum period an Ordinance promulgated under Article 123 can remain in force following the reassembly of Parliament without receiving legislative approval?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 123(2), an Ordinance promulgated by the President ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, or earlier if resolutions disapproving it are passed by both Houses.
13ID: GK-POL-00984
mediumUnion Executive & The Parliament of India
What is the maximum duration an Ordinance promulgated by the President under Article 123 can remain in force without being approved by Parliament?
Verified Explanation
Under Article 123(2)(a), an Ordinance ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament. Because the maximum gap between two parliamentary sessions is six months (Article 85), the maximum theoretical life of an ordinance without parliamentary approval is six months and six weeks.
14ID: GK-STUT-00456
mediumUnion Territories & Administration
Which Article of the Constitution of India governs the ordinance-making power of the Administrator of Puducherry during the recess of its Legislature?
Verified Explanation
Article 239B (inserted by the 27th Amendment Act, 1971) empowers the Administrator of Puducherry to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the Legislative Assembly.
15ID: GK-STUT-00522
hardUnion Territories & Administration
Under Article 239B of the Constitution, what is required before the Administrator of Puducherry can promulgate an Ordinance during legislative recess?
Verified Explanation
Article 239B stipulates that the Administrator of a UT with a legislature can promulgate ordinances only after obtaining instructions from the President of India.
16ID: GK-POL-00098
mediumUnion Executive Parliament
The ordinance-making power of the President of India when Parliament is in recess is promulgated under which Article of the Constitution?
Verified Explanation
Article 123 empowers the President to issue ordinances with the same force as an Act of Parliament when either House is not in session.
17ID: GK-POL-01012
easyState Executive & State Legislature
Under Article 213 of the Indian Constitution, when can the Governor of a State promulgate an Ordinance?
Verified Explanation
Article 213(1) authorizes the Governor to promulgate ordinances only during the recess of the State Legislature (when the Legislative Assembly is not in session, or when neither House is in session in bicameral states) if satisfied that immediate action is necessary.
18ID: GK-BANK-00003
hardCommercial Banks, Payment Banks & SFBs
On 19 July 1969, how many major Indian commercial banks with deposits exceeding ₹50 crore were nationalised through an ordinance promulgated by the Government of India?
Verified Explanation
On 19 July 1969, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi nationalised 14 major private commercial banks holding 85 percent of bank deposits across India under the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Ordinance.
19ID: GK-ECON-00610
easyBanking & RBI
Under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, in which year were 14 major private commercial banks with deposits exceeding Rs 50 crore nationalized by ordinance?
Verified Explanation
On 19 July 1969, the Government of India promulgated the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Ordinance to nationalize 14 major commercial banks.
20ID: GK-AGRI-00593
mediumRural Credit, NABARD & Agro-Schemes
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were first created in India on 2 October 1975 under an ordinance on the recommendations of which working group on rural credit?
Verified Explanation
The Narasimham Working Group (1975) recommended establishing Regional Rural Banks as specialized rural banking institutions; the first RRB, Prathama Bank (sponsored by Syndicate Bank in Moradabad), was set up on 2 Oct 1975.
21ID: GK-BANK-00173
hardFinancial Terms, Money Markets & Capital Instruments
Which pioneer institution was bifurcated in 2002 into the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI) and UTI Mutual Fund under a special statutory repeal ordinance?
Verified Explanation
Following the US-64 crisis, the Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2002 bifurcated UTI into SUUTI (holding assured-return schemes) and UTI AMC / UTI Mutual Fund.
22ID: GK-INST-00586
easyNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
On January 30, 1992, which capital markets regulator was granted statutory powers through the promulgation of an Ordinance and subsequent Parliamentary Act?
Verified Explanation
Initially set up in 1988 as a non-statutory body, SEBI was accorded statutory powers on January 30, 1992 with the enactment of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
23ID: GK-POL-00489
easyState Government & Executives
Under Article 213 of the Constitution, who has the power to promulgate Ordinances when the State Legislature is in recess?
Verified Explanation
Article 213 empowers the Governor to promulgate ordinances having the same force and effect as an Act of the State Legislature when both houses are not in session.
24ID: GK-POL-00617
mediumState Government & Executives
Under which Article of the Constitution does the Governor of a State possess the legislative power to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the State Legislature?
Verified Explanation
Article 213 empowers the Governor to promulgate ordinances when the state legislative assembly (or either house in bicameral states) is not in session; Article 123 gives analogous power to the President.
25ID: GK-BANK-00409
mediumCommercial Banks, Payment Banks & SFBs
On the recommendations of which expert working group headed by M. Narasimham were Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) first established in India on 2 October 1975?
Verified Explanation
The Narasimham Working Group (1975) conceptualised Regional Rural Banks as low-cost rural institutions combining local feel with modern commercial banking, leading to the RRB Ordinance 1975 and RRB Act 1976.
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