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Polity & Governance Cluster220 Verified Questions
National Human Rights Commission Questions & Answers
The National Human Rights Commission of India is a statutory body constituted on October 12, 1993, under Section 3 of the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993. Established in conformity with the Paris Principles adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993, the Commission serves as an institutional mechanism to protect civil liberties and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of India and international covenants. The Commission comprises a Chairperson, who must be a former Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court, and five full-time members, alongside ex-officio chairpersons of seven National Commissions. Members are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a six-member selection committee headed by the Prime Minister. Under Section 12 and Section 13 of the Act, the Commission holds powers equivalent to a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, including summoning witnesses, examining evidence, and requisitioning public records. However, its recommendations remain advisory under Section 18, and its investigative purview over armed forces actions is restricted under Section 19.
High-yield conceptual summaries for competitive exams and rapid revision.
The NHRC was constituted on October 12, 1993, by executive ordinance before receiving statutory permanence under the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993.
The establishment of the NHRC aligned with the Paris Principles endorsed by the UN General Assembly Resolution 48/134 of 1993.
Following the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act 2019, the Chairperson can be a former Chief Justice of India or a former Supreme Court Judge.
The Chairperson and members hold office for a term of three years or until attaining the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
The selection committee consists of six members: the Prime Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Leaders of Opposition in both Houses, and the Union Home Minister.
The 2019 Amendment expanded the full-time members with human rights knowledge to three, including at least one woman member.
Ex-officio members include Chairpersons of the National Commissions for Minorities, SCs, STs, Women, BCs, Protection of Child Rights, and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.
Under Section 13 of the PHRA 1993, the Commission possesses all powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
Under Section 36(2), the Commission cannot inquire into any matter after the expiry of one year from the date of the alleged violation.
The Commission can intervene in any proceeding involving allegations of human rights violations pending before a court with that court's approval.
Recommendations made by the Commission to the government under Section 18 are advisory and lack direct penal enforceability.
Under Section 19, in cases involving the armed forces, the NHRC cannot investigate directly and can only seek reports from the Central Government.
Justice Ranganath Misra served as the first Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission from 1993 to 1996.
Section 21 of the PHRA 1993 provides for the constitution of State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) by State Governments.
The Commission is empowered under Section 12(c) to visit jails and detention centres to inspect inmate living conditions.
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established as a statutory body on 12 October 1993 under which legislative enactment?
Verified Explanation
NHRC was constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (TPHRA), which was enacted to protect and promote human rights in conformity with the Paris Principles.
2ID: GK-INST-00057
hardNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019, what is the revised tenure for the Chairperson and members of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
Verified Explanation
The 2019 amendment to the Protection of Human Rights Act reduced the tenure of the Chairperson and members of the NHRC and SHRCs from 5 years to 3 years (or age 70, whichever is earlier) and made them eligible for reappointment.
3ID: GK-INST-00058
hardNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under Section 4 of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, which dignitary is NOT a member of the high-powered Selection Committee for appointing the NHRC Chairperson?
Verified Explanation
The 6-member Selection Committee for NHRC consists of: (1) Prime Minister (Chairperson), (2) Speaker of Lok Sabha, (3) Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, (4) Leaders of Opposition in Lok Sabha and (5) Rajya Sabha, and (6) Union Home Minister. The CJI is not a member of this selection committee.
4ID: GK-INST-00149
mediumNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under Section 36(2) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, what is the limitation period beyond which the NHRC cannot inquire into a human rights violation matter?
Verified Explanation
Section 36(2) of the Protection of Human Rights Act explicitly bars the NHRC or State Commission from inquiring into any matter after the expiry of one year from the date on which the act is alleged to have occurred.
5ID: GK-INST-00245
easyNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
In which year was the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) established in India under the Protection of Human Rights Act?
Verified Explanation
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance, which was enacted into the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
6ID: GK-INST-00280
mediumNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019, what is the revised statutory tenure of office for the Chairperson and Members of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
Verified Explanation
The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019 reduced the term of office of the NHRC Chairperson and members from 5 years to 3 years (or until attaining 70 years of age) and made them eligible for reappointment.
7ID: GK-INST-00360
hardNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under Section 14 of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, what specialized investigative authority is conferred on the NHRC?
Verified Explanation
Section 14 of the PHRA, 1993 empowers the NHRC, for the purpose of conducting any investigation pertaining to an inquiry, to utilize the services of any officer or investigating agency of the Central/State Government.
8ID: GK-INST-00404
easyNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under which statutory enactment was the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) established as an independent statutory body on 12 October 1993?
Verified Explanation
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993, in conformity with the Paris Principles.
9ID: GK-INST-00410
mediumNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019, who is eligible to be appointed as the Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
Verified Explanation
The 2019 Amendment to the PHRA expanded the eligibility for NHRC Chairperson to include not only a person who has been Chief Justice of India but also a person who has been a Judge of the Supreme Court.
10ID: GK-INST-00412
mediumNHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST & CIC
Under the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019, what revised tenure was fixed for the Chairperson and members of the NHRC?
Verified Explanation
The 2019 Amendment reduced the term of office for NHRC Chairperson and members from 5 years to 3 years or up to 70 years of age, and made them eligible for re-appointment.