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General Knowledge Cluster103 Verified Questions
Ten Sikh Gurus, Adi Granth & Formation of Khalsa Panth (1699) GK Questions & Answers
The Sikh tradition was founded by Guru Nanak Dev (1469–1539), who rejected caste divisions, idol worship, and empty rituals, preaching the unity of God (Ik Onkar) and institutionalizing Langar (community kitchen) and Sangat (congregation). His successor, Guru Angad Dev, standardized the Gurmukhi script. Guru Amar Das established the Manji administrative system, and Guru Ram Das founded the sacred city of Amritsar (Ramdaspur). The fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, constructed Harmandir Sahib and compiled the Adi Granth in 1604 at Amritsar, incorporating hymns of Sikh Gurus, Bhakti saints, and Sufi poets; his martyrdom in 1606 under Mughal Emperor Jahangir led Guru Hargobind to introduce the concept of Miri and Piri (temporal and spiritual authority) and erect the Akal Takht. Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru, was executed in Delhi in 1675 under Aurangzeb for defending religious freedom. In 1699, at Anandpur Sahib on Baisakhi, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa Panth, establishing the Panj Pyare and the mandatory Five Ks (Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kachera, Kirpan). Before his passing in 1708, Guru Gobind Singh ended human guruship, conferring eternal spiritual authority upon the Guru Granth Sahib.
Which famous Persian letter of moral reprimand and victory was written in 1705 by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, from Dina Kangar to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb?
Verified Explanation
The Zafarnama (literally 'Epistle of Victory') is a celebrated letter composed in 111 Persian poetic stanzas by Guru Gobind Singh in 1705, rebuking Emperor Aurangzeb for the betrayal of the oath taken on the Quran during the siege of Anandpur Sahib.
Which sacred scripture of Sikhism, compiled by Guru Gobind Singh and Bhai Mani Singh, contains devotional compositions such as Jaap Sahib, Akal Ustat, Bachittar Natak, and Chandi di Var?
Verified Explanation
The Dasam Granth (or 'Book of the Tenth Master') is the secondary sacred text of Sikhism attributed to the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, containing spiritual hymns, heroic poetry, and philosophical narratives.
3ID: GK-CITY-00442
hardFamous Sobriquets of Indian Cities
Which city in Punjab, famed for the Golden Temple and founded in 1577 by Guru Ram Das, is universally revered as the 'Spiritual Capital of Sikhism' and the 'Holy City'?
Verified Explanation
Amritsar (literally 'pool of nectar'), founded in 1577 by Guru Ram Das, is the spiritual and cultural heart of Sikhism housing Sri Harmandir Sahib and the Akal Takht.
4ID: GK-GEOG-00579
hardPhysiography & Mountain Ranges
Guru Shikhar, the highest peak in the Aravalli Range (elevation 1,722 m), is located in which hill resort plateau?
Verified Explanation
Guru Shikhar rises to 1,722 metres above sea level in the Mount Abu granite massif of Sirohi district, Rajasthan.
5ID: GK-GEOG-00649
hardPhysiography & Mountain Ranges
Guru Shikhar, the highest summit peak of the entire Aravalli Mountain Range rising to 1,722 metres, is located in which hill resort of Rajasthan?
Verified Explanation
Guru Shikhar is situated in the Arbuda Mountains near Mount Abu in Sirohi district of Rajasthan, commanding panoramic views of the ancient folded Aravalli range.
6ID: GK-LANG-00021
easyBrahmi, Kharosthi, Devanagari & Ancient Scripts
Which Sikh Guru is historically credited with standardizing, refining, and propagating the Gurmukhi script for writing the Punjabi language?
Verified Explanation
Guru Angad Dev (the second Sikh Guru) modified, standardized, and popularized the Gurmukhi script in the 16th century for recording Sikh sacred scriptures.
7ID: GK-LANG-00135
easyBrahmi, Kharosthi, Devanagari & Ancient Scripts
The Gurmukhi script, used predominantly to write Punjabi, was standardized and popularized by which Sikh Guru?
Verified Explanation
Guru Angad Dev, the second Sikh Guru, standardized and popularized the Gurmukhi script in the 16th century.
8ID: GK-LANG-00467
easyBrahmi, Kharosthi, Devanagari & Ancient Scripts
Which second Sikh Guru standardized and formalized the Gurmukhi script in the 16th century for transcribing the hymns of the Sikh Gurus?
Verified Explanation
Guru Angad Dev (1504–1552), the second Sikh Guru, standardized the 35-letter Gurmukhi script from regional Lande and Sharada scripts.
9ID: GK-LANG-00589
easyBrahmi, Kharosthi, Devanagari & Ancient Scripts
Which Sikh Guru standardized and propagated the Gurmukhi script in the 16th century for recording the sacred hymns of the Sikh Gurus?
Verified Explanation
Guru Angad Dev Ji (the second Sikh Guru) modified, standardized, and popularized the Gurmukhi script in the 16th century, which became the standard script for the Punjabi language and the Guru Granth Sahib.
10ID: GK-WILD-00149
mediumFamous National Parks of India
Guru Ghasidas National Park, which was combined with the Tamor Pingla Sanctuary to form a massive Tiger Reserve, is located in which state?
Verified Explanation
Guru Ghasidas National Park is situated in Koriya and Surajpur districts of Chhattisgarh, contiguous with Sanjay National Park in Madhya Pradesh.
11ID: GK-WILD-00575
mediumProject Tiger & Elephant Reserves
Guru Ghasidas National Park and Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary were combined and notified together as the 54th Tiger Reserve of India in which state?
Verified Explanation
Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve in northern Chhattisgarh (Koriya, Surajpur, Balrampur districts) was approved by NTCA as India's 54th Tiger Reserve.
In 1883, tribal reformer and spiritual guru Govind Guru founded which socio-religious organisation to promote unity, moral discipline, temperance, and civil resistance among the Bhils and Garasias?
Verified Explanation
Govind Guru established the 'Samp Sabha' in 1883 at Sirohi to forge fraternity (samp) and social reform among the Bhil and tribal communities across southern Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Malwa. The movement rejected forced labour (begar) and colonial taxes, culminating in the 1913 Mangarh massacre.
13ID: GK-TRIBE-00577
easyHistorical Tribal Uprisings & Leaders
The 1913 Mangarh Dham massacre, where British forces gunned down over 1,500 Bhil tribals led by social reformer Govind Guru, occurred in which border district?
Verified Explanation
On 17 November 1913, at Mangarh Hill in Banswara district on the Rajasthan-Gujarat border, the Mewar Bhil Corps and British forces surrounded and fired upon a peaceful gathering of over 1,500 Bhil followers of Govind Guru's Bhagat movement, an atrocity known as the 'Jallianwala Bagh of the Aravallis'.
14ID: GK-CINE-00556
mediumIndian Cinema Milestones
Which 1959 semi-autobiographical tragic masterpiece by Guru Dutt was the first Indian motion picture shot in the anamorphic widescreen format 'CinemaScope'?
Verified Explanation
Kaagaz Ke Phool (Paper Flowers), filmed by cinematographer V. K. Murthy, was India's first CinemaScope production and is now celebrated as a world cinema classic.
15ID: GK-CINE-00628
mediumIndian Cinema Milestones
Which 1957 Guru Dutt directorial classic, starring Guru Dutt and Waheeda Rehman, tells the tragic story of the unacknowledged poet Vijay?
Verified Explanation
'Pyaasa' (1957), featuring Sahir Ludhianvi's poetry and S. D. Burman's music, is ranked among TIME magazine's 100 Best Movies of all time.
16ID: GK-CINE-00635
hardIndian Cinema Milestones
Which 1959 Guru Dutt film, featuring the tragic story of a forgotten film director, was India's first feature film shot in the CinemaScope widescreen format?
Verified Explanation
'Kaagaz Ke Phool' (cinematography by V. K. Murthy) was India's first CinemaScope film, initially a box-office failure but later hailed as a world cinema classic.
17ID: GK-EPIC-00306
hardRamayana, Mahabharata & Maha Puranas
In the Adi Parva of the Mahabharata, who was the prince of the Nishadas who fashioned a clay statue of Guru Dronacharya and attained peerless archery mastery, willingly severing his right thumb as Guru Dakshina?
Verified Explanation
Ekalavya, son of the Nishada chief Hiranyadhanus, learned supreme archery through revering an earthen murti of Drona, demonstrating unmatched devotion when he amputated his right thumb upon Dronacharya's demanding command.
18ID: GK-CINE-00051
easyIndian Cinema Milestones
Which 1959 classic film directed by and starring Guru Dutt was India's first feature film shot in CinemaScope?
Verified Explanation
Guru Dutt's 'Kaagaz Ke Phool' (1959), photographed by V. K. Murthy, was the first Indian film shot in the widescreen CinemaScope format.
19ID: GK-CINE-00336
mediumIndian Cinema Milestones
Which 1959 Guru Dutt classic, depicting the tragic decline of a film director, is historically distinguished as India's first film shot in CinemaScope?
Verified Explanation
Guru Dutt's 'Kaagaz Ke Phool' (1959), photographed by V.K. Murthy, was shot in black-and-white CinemaScope and is now hailed as a global cinematic masterpiece.
20ID: GK-CINE-00431
mediumIndian Cinema Milestones
Which 1959 film directed by Guru Dutt was India's first feature film shot in the widescreen Cinemascope format?
Verified Explanation
Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), directed by and starring Guru Dutt with cinematography by V. K. Murthy, was India's first Cinemascope production in black-and-white.
21ID: GK-CITY-00088
mediumFamous Sobriquets of Indian Cities
Which historic city in Punjab, home to the sacred Harmandir Sahib and founded in 1577 by Guru Ram Das, is hailed as the 'Golden Temple City' and 'Spiritual Capital of Sikhism'?
Verified Explanation
Amritsar (meaning 'Pool of the Nectar of Immortality') was founded by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das, and is universally known as the 'Golden Temple City'.
22ID: GK-DAYS-00300
hardHistorical Date Milestones
Veer Baal Diwas was designated by the Government of India to be observed annually on 26 December in honor of the martyrdom of the Sahibzades of which Sikh Guru?
Verified Explanation
Veer Baal Diwas marks the martyrdom of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh (9) and Sahibzada Fateh Singh (7), sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, bricked alive at Sirhind in 1704.
23ID: GK-INDM-00198
easyHighways, Expressways & Bridges in India
In which Indian city is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport (ATQ) located?
Verified Explanation
Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport (ATQ) is located in Amritsar and is the primary international airport in Punjab.
24ID: GK-ART-00272
mediumFestivals & Fairs of India
The "Hemis Festival", celebrated with dramatic masked Cham dances in the courtyard of Hemis Gompa, commemorates the birth anniversary of which Buddhist guru in Ladakh?
Verified Explanation
The Hemis Festival in Ladakh celebrates the birth anniversary of Guru Padmasambhava, who introduced Tantric Buddhism to the Himalayan region and Tibet.
25ID: GK-ART-00944
hardUNESCO World Heritage Sites in India
The traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the 'Thatheras' of Jandiala Guru, inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2014, is practiced in which state?
Verified Explanation
The craft of the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru in Amritsar district, Punjab, is India's only metalcraft on the UNESCO ICH list. It involves heating metal plates, hammering them into shape, and executing small, dented surface textures (kande) recommended by Ayurveda for cooling properties.